Review of the bee genus Homalictus Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Fiji with description of nine new species

Dorey, James B.; Schwarz, Michael P.; Stevens, Mark I.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4674.1.1

Cited by 806 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Tropical ectotherm taxa that have demonstrated strong elevational tracking with past climate cycles are at risk from globally warming climates as elevational shifts in distribution are associated with a reduction or loss of viable habitat [40,45,46]. Local extinctions of some highland taxa due to elevational tracking of climate have already been recorded [40,43,45], and one Fijian Homalictus species (H. achrostus) is suspected to be verging on extinction or be functionally extinct [26]. The generality of niche conservatism-driven speciation across various taxonomic groups in the tropics is an important and pressing area of future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine if major mitochondrial clades corresponded to biological species, we examined multiple morphological traits. Internal male genitalic traits have been used as major species diagnostic characters for Homalictus species in the southwest Pacific [25,26], and these were examined for 12 species in this study where male specimens were available, along with external female morphology [26]. For the remaining species, only female external morphology was compared with COI and SNP phylogenies.…”

Section: (F ) Morphological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Fijian Homalictus species forage on both weedy and native plants, indicating polylectic diets, while H. fijiensis is a super-generalist pollinator [24]. Until recently, only four Fijian species were known, but genetic and morphological studies indicate a much more speciose clade [25], with many species only recorded from high elevations [26]. Here, we combine molecular phylogenetic analyses and elevation distribution data, which reveal at least 22 candidate species (independent lineages) and demonstrate how elevational niches have evolved since the Quaternary colonization of Fiji.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation of tropical island bees and the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism as an important driver of biodiversity

et al. 2020

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Island biogeography explores how biodiversity in island ecosystems arises and is maintained. The topographical complexity of islands can drive speciation by providing a diversity of niches that promote adaptive radiation and speciation. However, recent studies have argued that phylogenetic niche conservatism, combined with topographical complexity and climate change, could also promote speciation if populations are episodically fragmented into climate refugia that enable allopatric speciation. Adaptive radiation and phylogenetic niche conservatism therefore both predict that topographical complexity should encourage speciation, but they differ strongly in their inferred mechanisms. Using genetic (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)) and morphological data, we show high species diversity (22 species) in an endemic clade of Fijian Homalictus bees, with most species restricted to highlands and frequently exhibiting narrow geographical ranges. Our results indicate that elevational niches have been conserved across most speciation events, contradicting expectations from an adaptive radiation model but concordant with phylogenetic niche conservatism. Climate cycles, topographical complexity, and niche conservatism could interact to shape island biodiversity. We argue that phylogenetic niche conservatism is an important driver of tropical island bee biodiversity but that this phylogenetic inertia also leads to major extinction risks for tropical ectotherms under future warming climates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (F ) Morphological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation of tropical island bees and the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism as an important driver of biodiversity

et al. 2020

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“…not referred to as a subgenus of Lasioglossum) as has been done in most recent literature (e.g. (Bernhardt et al 2019;Dorey et al 2019;Hall et al 2020;Neave et al 2020)). Thirteen additional non-Australian bee specimen images were sourced from the Natural History Museum UK (Natural History Museum 2014a) in order to provide broader taxonomical and geographical low-light representation.…”

Section: Taxon Selection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric comparisons and novel observations of diurnal and low-light-foraging bees

Dorey¹,

Fagan‐Jeffries²,

Stevens³

et al. 2020

JHR

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Low-light adapted bees are substantially understudied components of the bee fauna, particularly in Australia. Whilst several species in Australia are thought to be adapted to low-light conditions, explicit records of these taxa actually foraging at twilight or night are absent from the scientific literature. We present the first observations of Australian bees foraging in low-light conditions as well as the first evidence of low-light foraging behaviour in the colletid bee subfamily, Hylaeinae. Using morphometrics of Australian and more broadly-distributed diurnal, facultative low-light and obligate low-light adapted bees, we explore the use of morphological traits to objectively assess possible low-light behaviour and corroborate low-light collection events. Our results show that it is possible to morphologically distinguish between diurnal and low-light adapted bees, and that there is a spectrum of characters that are associated with low light conditions. We use GIS to show that low-light adapted species occur mostly in the tropics, but that some species have subtropical, arid and even temperate distributions. As low-light foraging behaviour in bees is infrequently reported, it appears that low-light foraging behaviour is more common than currently appreciated, highlighting the need for extended bee-sampling periods and more consistent collection data to increase the understanding of this little-understood aspect of bee behaviour.

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“…This taxonomic impediment is slowly being overcome through the use of traditional DNA barcoding 25 – 28 or more recently developed high-throughput DNA barcoding 29 – 33 . Indeed, cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) barcodes have been shown to distinguish between bees difficult to identify due to minor morphological differences 34 – 36 or even cryptic bee species 37 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A DNA barcode-based survey of wild urban bees in the Loire Valley, France

Villalta

Ledet

Baude

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The current decline of wild bees puts important ecosystem services such as pollination at risk. Both inventory and monitoring programs are needed to understand the causes of wild bee decline. Effective insect monitoring relies on both mass-trapping methods coupled with rapid and accurate identifications. Identifying wild bees using only morphology can be challenging, in particular, specimens from mass-trapped samples which are often in poor condition. We generated DNA barcodes for 2931 specimens representing 157 species (156 named and one unnamed species) and 28 genera. Automated cluster delineation reveals 172 BINs (Barcodes Index Numbers). A total of 36 species (22.93%) were found in highly urbanized areas. The majority of specimens, representing 96.17% of the species barcoded form reciprocally exclusive groups, allowing their unambiguous identification. This includes several closely related species notoriously difficult to identify. A total of 137 species (87.26%) show a “one-to-one” match between a named species and the BIN assignment. Fourteen species (8.92%) show deep conspecific lineages with no apparent morphological differentiation. Only two species pairs shared the same BIN making their identification with DNA barcodes alone uncertain. Therefore, our DNA barcoding reference library allows reliable identification by non-experts for the vast majority of wild bee species in the Loire Valley.

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Review of the bee genus Homalictus Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Fiji with description of nine new species

Cited by 806 publications

References 1 publication

Radiation of tropical island bees and the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism as an important driver of biodiversity

Radiation of tropical island bees and the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism as an important driver of biodiversity

Morphometric comparisons and novel observations of diurnal and low-light-foraging bees

A DNA barcode-based survey of wild urban bees in the Loire Valley, France

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