Review of static approaches to surgical correction of presbyopia

Abstract

Presbyopia is the primary cause of reduction in the quality of life of people in their 40s, due to dependence on spectacles. Therefore, presbyopia correction has become an evolving and rapidly progressive field in refractive surgery. There are two primary options for presbyopia correction: the dynamic approach uses the residual accommodative capacity of the eye, and the static approach attempts to enhance the depth of focus of the optical system. The dynamic approach attempts to reverse suspected pathophysiologic changes. Dynamic approaches such as accommodative intraocular lenses (IOLs), scleral expansion techniques, refilling, and photodisruption of the crystalline lens have attracted less clinical interest due to inconsistent results and the complexity of the techniques. We have reviewed the most popular static techniques in presbyopia surgery, including multifocal IOLs, PresbyLASIK, and corneal inlays, but we should emphasize that these techniques are very different from the physiologic status of an untouched eye. A systematic PubMed search for the keywords “presbylasik”, “multifocal IOL”, and “presbyopic corneal inlay” revealed 634 articles; 124 were controlled clinical trials, 95 were published in the previous 10 years, and 78 were English with available full text. We reviewed the abstracts and rejected the unrelated articles; other references were included as needed. This narrative review compares different treatments according to available information on the optical basis of each treatment modality, including the clinical outcomes such as near, intermediate, and far visual acuity, spectacles independence, quality of vision, and dysphotopic phenomena.

<p>A Novel Concept of Correcting Presbyopia: First Clinical Results with a Phakic Diffractive Intraocular Lens</p>

“…There is still no world-wide standard protocol to report the refractive outcomes of presbyopia surgery; creating such a protocol will become increasingly necessary with new procedures being introduced and longer follow-ups of patients with the currently existing procedures will be published. 21 The results of our case series are encouraging. It should be noted that in most cases, we did not find proof for a real panfocality that one could imagine as the IPCL's optic principle because the natural lens still can accommodate.…”

Infrared triggered smart contact lens for the treatment of presbyopia

“…There is currently no cure for presbyopia that could restore vision to the same abilities as a young eye. The most effective treatments so far are corrective optics (spectacles or contact lenses) [1,2], multifocal lens replacement through eye surgery [4,5] and Supracor laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis [5][6][7]. Multifocal spectacles are divided into regions dedicated to near, intermediate and far vision correction, typically with increasing positive lens focal power towards the lower parts of the lens.…”

Erratum: Review of static approaches to surgical correction of presbyopia

“…In the article titled “Review of static approaches to surgical correction of presbyopia”, published on pages 413-418, Issue 4, Volume 12 of Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research[ 1 ], the affiliation of the author Mehdi Zandian is written incorrectly as “Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran” instead of “Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran”.…”