Review of soybean resistance to pathogens

Abstract

Summary: This paper presents an overview of the research on soybean resistance to pathogens. The review included most harmful agents of soybean diseases in Serbia, as well as those that are potentially harmful. Development and cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most efficient, economical and environmentally acceptable control measure for plant disease. It points to the variability in pathogenicity (physiological races) of parasites, especially expressed in Phytophthora sojae, Peronospora manshurica and Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, which requires continuous breeding for resistance. Resistant, partially resistant and moderately susceptible genotypes, which are used as donors of resistance genes to different pathogens, are listed in this paper. Also, avirulent genes in the parasite and resistance genes in soybean are indicated. Gene mapping significantly contributes to better understanding of the mode of inheritance and consequently, more efficient breeding for disease resistance. Significant improvement is expected by using molecular techniques, especially in dealing with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and Phomopsis longicolla. For these parasites only partial resistance has been reported but not complete resistance.

Soybean Stem Canker Caused by Diaporthe caulivora; Pathogen Diversity, Colonization Process, and Plant Defense Activation

“…In 2017, South America´s soybean production totaled 184.503.944 metric tons (FAO, 2018). More than 135 plant pathogens affect soybean worldwide, of which at least 30 have been reported economically important leading to significant yield losses (Vidić et al, 2013). Breeding programs for disease resistance have been established in several countries since genetic resistance, when available, is the best solution for improving global food security by reducing chemical control.…”

“…Disease symptoms caused by D. caulivora are associated to withered brown leaves and reddish-brown discoloration and necrosis of the lower half of the stem. Yield losses by D. caulivora can be significant, especially when canker lesions develop early, leading to plant wilting and death in the middle of the vegetative stage (Vidić et al, 2013).…”

The Aggressivness of Diaporthe longicolla and Diaporthe pseudolongicolla Isolates Tested by the Soybean Seed’s Artificial Inoculation

“…More than 200 phytopathogenic microorganisms have been described on the soybean , while about 30 species can inflict a significant economic damage (Roy et al, 2000). The most harmful are the fungi, then the bacteria, viruses, and phytoplasmas (Vidić et al, 2013). Most of them attack the soybean seed, decrease germination, and cause a poor seed quality.…”

“…Most of them attack the soybean seed, decrease germination, and cause a poor seed quality. One of the major causes of a poor seed quality in most soybeangrowing regions worldwide is the Diaporthe seed decay (Li, 2011;Vidić et al, 2013;Petrović et al, 2018). This disease is caused primarily by the fungus Diaporthe longicolla, along with D. sojae, D. caulivora, D. aspalathi and the D. eres species complex, D. foeniculina, and D. radis (Li, 2011;Petrović et al, 2015;Petrović et al, 2016;Hosseini et al, 2020).…”

“…The D. longicolla has long been described as a fungus without a teleomorph stage, whose pycnidia has the very long necks and releases the alpha conidia only. In the past few years, the new studies have revealed some unknown details on this fungus, such as the atypical symptoms on the soybean stems, the pycnidia with the beta conidia, and an ability to form a teleomorph (Santos et al, 2011;Vidić et al, 2013;Olson et al, 2015).…”