Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies

Abstract

Currently, a large proportion of global fossil fuel emissions originate from large point sources such as power generation or industrial processes. This trend is expected to continue until the year 2030 and beyond. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), a straightforward and effective carbon reduction approach, will play a significant role in reducing emissions from these sources into the future if atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are to be stabilized and global warming limited below a threshold of 2°C. This review provides an update on the status of large scale integrated CCS technologies using solvent absorption for CO 2 capture and provides an insight into the development of new solvents, including advanced amine solvents, amino acid salts, carbonate systems, aqueous ammonia, immiscible liquids and ionic liquids. These proposed new solvents aim to reduce the overall cost CO 2 capture by improving the CO 2 absorption rate, CO 2 capture capacity, thereby reducing equipment size and decreasing the energy required for solvent regeneration.

Ionic Liquid (1-Butyl-3-Metylimidazolium Methane Sulphonate) Corrosion and Energy Analysis for High Pressure CO2 Absorption Process

“…The upper section receives the lean amine solution from the stripper and works on approach to equilibrium (20)(21)(22). The lower section is at high temperature and receives comparatively hot semilean solution from intermediate flashing scheme (12)(13)(14). The lower absorber section thus enhances the CO 2 absorption kinetics, which is slower in the upper section.…”

“…The pressure in this flash drum is equal to the stripper. The purpose of this flash drum is to split the amine flow to feed both the stripper and the lower part of the absorber (13)(14)(15)(16). The acid gas is also recovered from this flash drum (10).…”

“…The rate of reaction depends on the bulk concentration of CO 2 . A simple solvent-based CO 2 absorption scheme consists of a stripper and an absorber at low and high pressure respectively; however, this kind of scheme is extensive in terms of energy/cost [14]. Regeneration of these solvents requires steam and is thus a major energy consuming unit operation.…”

Useful Mechanisms, Energy Efficiency Benefits, and Challenges of Emerging Innovative Advanced Solvent Based Capture Processes

“…ILs reversibly react with CO 2 and also have high physical CO 2 loading capacity. The chemical CO 2 loading capacity depends on the involved anions that attach CO 2 [63,64]. The physical CO 2 loading capacity is mainly affected by free volume, size of an IL molecule and the IL's chemical structure.…”

A Weakly Coordinating Anion Substantially Enhances Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Calcium and Barium Salts

“…Efficient removal of CO 2 upon combustion of the fossil fuels and its further storage remain to be an urgent problem. 2,3 Amine scrubbing is presently the most wide-spread method to capture CO 2 in the industrial conditions, established over the past 60 years. [4][5][6] It performs generally better, as compared to ionic liquids, [7][8][9][10][11][12] polymeric membranes, [13][14][15] cryogenic distillation, gas hydrates, and less common technologies.…”