Review of Silicon Photonics Technology and Platform Development

Siew, Shawn Yohanes; Li, B.; Gao, Feng; Zheng, Han; Zhang, W.; Guo, Pengfei; Xie, Shangran; Song, Andy; Dong, Bi‐Zhen; Luo, Lian-Wee; Li, C.; Luo, Xianshu; Lo, Guo‐Qiang

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3066203

Cited by 414 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…One advantage of this method is that all the necessary components are readily available in a standard silicon photonics process. 31 Another advantage is that only one switch at each matrix stage needs to be operated at a time, and the number of matrix stages necessary is log 2ðNÞ. Therefore, for an array with N elements, only log 2ðNÞ switches are operated at once.…”

Section: Switched Mzi Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of lens-assisted beam steering methods

Spector

2022

J. Optical Microsystems

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Lens-assisted beam steering (LABS) has emerged as a promising solution for compact chip-based optical beam steering for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. In a LABS system, light is steered within an integrated optical chip and emitted at a desired location. This emitted light is focused out into the scene with a lens, analogous to a camera operating in reverse. LABS systems offer many advantages compared to competing technologies such as solid-state reliability, simple control, compactness, and fast random access scanning. Different methods for LABS systems are described and compared. Most LABS systems demonstrated thus far have small arrays, and therefore, only offer a relatively small number of possible beam locations. It is important to understand how these systems will scale to the much larger arrays needed for a practical LiDAR system.

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Section: Switched Mzi Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ring resonators are a wavelength sensitive device, commonly available in most silicon foundry processes. 31 In a ring resonator, the light will transfer from the input bus to the output waveguide only when the light has a wavelength that is resonant with the ring. 33 Off resonance, the light will stay on the bus waveguide.…”

Section: Ring Resonator Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of lens-assisted beam steering methods

Spector

2022

J. Optical Microsystems

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“…Since this review of silicon photonics is quite a personal history and a story of my contributions to the field, almost all the cited works refer to my own papers. The interested reader can find relevant literature in the original papers or in other recent reviews [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. At the end of each subsection, I cite few references where recent contributions to the related field are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirty Years in Silicon Photonics: A Personal View

Pavesi

2021

Front. Phys.

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Silicon Photonics, the technology where optical devices are fabricated by the mainstream microelectronic processing technology, was proposed almost 30 years ago. I joined this research field at its start. Initially, I concentrated on the main issue of the lack of a silicon laser. Room temperature visible emission from porous silicon first, and from silicon nanocrystals then, showed that optical gain is possible in low-dimensional silicon, but it is severely counterbalanced by nonlinear losses due to free carriers. Then, most of my research focus was on systems where photons show novel features such as Zener tunneling or Anderson localization. Here, the game was to engineer suitable dielectric environments (e.g., one-dimensional photonic crystals or waveguide-based microring resonators) to control photon propagation. Applications of low-dimensional silicon raised up in sensing (e.g., gas-sensing or bio-sensing) and photovoltaics. Interestingly, microring resonators emerged as the fundamental device for integrated photonic circuit since they allow studying the hermitian and non-hermitian physics of light propagation as well as demonstrating on-chip heavily integrated optical networks for reconfigurable switching applications or neural networks for optical signal processing. Finally, I witnessed the emergence of quantum photonic devices, where linear and nonlinear optical effects generate quantum states of light. Here, quantum random number generators or heralded single-photon sources are enabled by silicon photonics. All these developments are discussed in this review by following my own research path.

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“…The ever-increasing demand for data processing and transfer, as well as for on-chip sensing applications, have triggered far-reaching interests in the development of monolithically integrated optoelectronic platforms based on group-IV complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies 1 . Today, silicon photonics provides building blocks for various optoelectronic applications and devices such as modulators, detectors, diodes, waveguides, and other essential functions demanded by present and future classical- and quantum technology 2 – 8 . The main open challenge of silicon photonics 1 , 9 – 11 is the implementation of an efficient light source that operates at room temperature, can be monolithically integrated into Si devices with standard CMOS technology and exhibits emission wavelengths in the near infra-red spectral range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoluminescence enhancement by deterministically site-controlled, vertically stacked SiGe quantum dots

Schuster

Aberl

Vukušić

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The Si/SiGe heterosystem would be ideally suited for the realization of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible integrated light sources, but the indirect band gap, exacerbated by a type-II band offset, makes it challenging to achieve efficient light emission. We address this problem by strain engineering in ordered arrays of vertically close-stacked SiGe quantum dot (QD) pairs. The strain induced by the respective lower QD creates a preferential nucleation site for the upper one and strains the upper QD as well as the Si cap above it. Electrons are confined in the strain pockets in the Si cap, which leads to an enhanced wave function overlap with the heavy holes near the upper QD’s apex. With a thickness of the Si spacer between the stacked QDs below 5 nm, we separated the functions of the two QDs: The role of the lower one is that of a pure stressor, whereas only the upper QD facilitates radiative recombination of QD-bound excitons. We report on the design and strain engineering of the QD pairs via strain-dependent Schrödinger-Poisson simulations, their implementation by molecular beam epitaxy, and a comprehensive study of their structural and optical properties in comparison with those of single-layer SiGe QD arrays. We find that the double QD arrangement shifts the thermal quenching of the photoluminescence signal at higher temperatures. Moreover, detrimental light emission from the QD-related wetting layers is suppressed in the double-QD configuration.

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Review of Silicon Photonics Technology and Platform Development

Cited by 414 publications

References 110 publications

Review of lens-assisted beam steering methods

Review of lens-assisted beam steering methods

Thirty Years in Silicon Photonics: A Personal View

Photoluminescence enhancement by deterministically site-controlled, vertically stacked SiGe quantum dots

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