Review of research and development on pyrolysis process

Velmurugan, V.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.542

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The high-temperature carbonization of ZIF-8 will likely follow a similar process to the pyrolysis of heavy hydrocarbons, like polymers. This involves breaking bonds, rearranging molecules, polymerization, aromatic condensation, and removing different elements [115][116][117]. Since ZIF-8 contains a significant amount of nitrogen, direct carbonization is likely to create a material with properties resembling both N-doped graphene (in structure and function) and zeolites (in morphology and crystallinity).…”

Section: Performance and Functionalities Of N-g/zif-8-based/derived E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Doped Graphene (N-G)/MOF(ZIF-8)-Based/Derived Materials for Electrochemical Energy Applications: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Functionality

Talukder,

Wang,

Nunna

et al. 2024

Batteries

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In recent years, graphene-type materials originating from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or integrated with MOFs have exhibited notable performances across various applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of these complex materials and their functionalities remains obscure. While some studies have reviewed graphene/MOF composites from different perspectives, due to their structural–functional intricacies, it is crucial to conduct more in-depth reviews focusing on specific sets of graphene/MOF composites designed for particular applications. In this review, we thoroughly investigate the syntheses, characteristics, and performances of N-G/MOF(ZIF-8)-based/derived materials employed in electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems. Special attention is given to realizing their fundamental functionalities. The discussions are divided into three segments based on the application of N-G/ZIF-8-based/derived materials as electrode materials for batteries, electrodes for electrochemical capacitors, and electrocatalysts. As electrodes for batteries, N-G/MOF(ZIF-8) materials can mitigate issues like an electrode volume expansion for Li-ion batteries and the ‘shuttle effect’ for Li-S batteries. As electrodes for electrochemical capacitors, these materials can considerably improve the ion transfer rate and electronic conductivity, thereby enhancing the specific capacitance while maintaining the structural stability. Also, it was observed that these materials could occasionally outperform standard platinum-based catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The reported electrochemical performances and structural parameters of these materials were carefully tabulated in uniform units and scales. Through a critical analysis of the present synthesis trends, characteristics, and functionalities of these materials, specific aspects were identified that required further exploration to fully utilize their inherent capabilities.

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Section: Performance and Functionalities Of N-g/zif-8-based/derived E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Doped Graphene (N-G)/MOF(ZIF-8)-Based/Derived Materials for Electrochemical Energy Applications: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Functionality

Talukder,

Wang,

Nunna

et al. 2024

Batteries

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“…To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from e-waste, the recycling of plastic waste for the replacement of virgin plastic is a preferable option, but for complex mixtures of plastics, energy recovery might be a better option [116]. At present, the disposal of plastic, aluminum, and rubber is problematic because the burning activity of such waste can pollute the environment, whereas this type of waste can be turned into useful products, e.g., heat, oil, gas, power, and biochar, by applying the process of pyrolysis [117,118]. Researchers have emphasized the use of thermochemical conversion technologies such as pyrolysis, incineration, and gasification techniques for waste-to-energy conversion [119].…”

Section: Energy Recovery From E-waste Plastics Through Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electronic Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and Environment

Ghulam

Abushammala

2023

Sustainability

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Electronic waste (e-waste) is the fastest-growing class of waste because of the remarkable demand for various electronic gadgets such as mobiles and laptops. Moreover, its improper disposal is life-threatening because it includes hundreds of different substances, many of which are toxic elements and pollutants that can leach to soil and surface and groundwater or be emitted into the air, causing a major negative impact on the environment and public health. As a result, studies on the sustainable management of e-waste have gained increasing attention from researchers globally in the last decade to explore practical strategies to reduce or utilize this special waste. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the major aspects of e-waste, including its definition, composition, and the impact of its end-of-life disposal on human health and the environment, while also focusing on some practical sustainable solutions and strategies toward effective e-waste management. It will also discuss the production of electronics; global demand and the mining boom; and the pollution caused by mining. It will also highlight the importance of effective governmental regulations, with which electronics producers, e-waste generators, and recycling facilities should comply. The research perspectives and orientations highlighted within this review can help in providing guidelines for future research studies and in exploring opportunities for more effective management of e-waste toward a circular economy and sustainable development.

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“…The pyrolysis process is carried out in a closed chamber (reactor) in the absence of oxygen and biomass decomposition process is carried out through different mechanisms that include dehydration, depolymerization, isomerization, aromatization, decarboxylation, and charring of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose [4,5]. Cellulose, the glycosidic bonds linking in glucose units, are not strong and break down at high temperatures and the products of cellulose pyrolysis are acids, alcohols, anhydrous sugars, charcoal, and gases, but furans and laevoglucose can also be formed by other mechanisms in the cleavage of β − 1, 4-glycosidic bonds [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials Production of Four Tropical Wood Produced by Slow Pyrolysis at Different Temperatures: Charcoal and Biochar Properties

Moya,

Tenorio,

Quesada-Kimzey

et al. 2024

Energies

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Costa Rica produces a considerable, important quantity of wood residues. This waste can be pyrolyzed to produce charcoals as main products that can be effectively used as an energy source or to immobilize carbon for soil treatment. However, there is a lack of information about the pyrogenic carbonaceous materials (PCMs), such as charcoal or biochar, obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of PCMs (physical, mechanical, ultimate analysis, and FTIR analysis) and charcoal characteristics (energetic properties and thermogravimetric analysis—TGA) and biochar characteristics (conductivity, pH, initial contact angle, and wetting rates) for four tropical wood residues produced in five temperatures (300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C). In general, pyrolysis temperature between 450 °C and 500 °C produced charcoals with lower values of density, moisture content, compression strength, volatiles, H and O content, and higher values of C and ash contents, conductivity, pH, initial contact angle, and wetting rates. FTIR and TGA analyses show that celluloses and lignin are pyrolyzed at these temperatures, so these temperatures are recommended. The range of 300–350 °C is not recommended, as these parameters were inverse. Multivariate analysis shows that (i) PCMs obtained at lower temperatures (300–350 °C) from Dipteryx panamensis, Hieronyma alchorneoides, and Tectona grandis belong to a cluster with poorer properties, indicating that these temperatures are not adequate for pyrolysis of these species; (ii) all the PCMs obtained from Gmelina arborea were grouped into one cluster, suggesting different PCM quality; and (iii) the PCMs produced from D. panamensis, H. alchorneoides, and T. grandis at 400–500 °C were grouped into another cluster with better properties, suggesting this pyrolysis temperature range as the best for these species.

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Review of research and development on pyrolysis process

Cited by 10 publications

References 85 publications

N-Doped Graphene (N-G)/MOF(ZIF-8)-Based/Derived Materials for Electrochemical Energy Applications: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Functionality

N-Doped Graphene (N-G)/MOF(ZIF-8)-Based/Derived Materials for Electrochemical Energy Applications: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Functionality

Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electronic Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and Environment

Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials Production of Four Tropical Wood Produced by Slow Pyrolysis at Different Temperatures: Charcoal and Biochar Properties

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