Review of remediation practices regarding cadmium-enriched farmland soil with particular reference to China

Physiological background of the remarkably high Cd2+ tolerance of the Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 strain

“…Batteries, anti‐corrosive agents and PVC products can contain cadmium, and cadmium is also used in nuclear power plants as a neutron absorber . Moreover, phosphate fertilizers may also have a high cadmium content; in addition to atmospheric deposition and water irrigation, the use of phosphate fertilizers is among the most important factors leading to increased cadmium concentrations in agricultural fields . Several approaches (from physical or chemical solutions to phytoremediation) have been developed to remove cadmium from soil or waste water , and techniques based on biosorption by microbes are also being intensively investigated .…”

Removal of cadmium from a citrate-bearing solution by floatable microsized garlic peel

“…4,5 One method is to plant a new type of paddy corn, which is developed by genetic engineering and has a low cadmium intake ability from the soils. [6][7][8] The more practical method is to remediate the paddy eld soils by some cost-effective technologies, such as soil replacement; 9,10 immobilization by neutralization [11][12][13] or by adsorption 14,15 with various natural or industrial materials; electrokinetic migration processes; [16][17][18] and chemical washing by special reagents. [19][20][21][22] Of the above soil remediation techniques, soil replacement is simple, but it is difficult to imagine that enormous amount of soil can be dug, moved and safely treated in an economical way.…”

Influence of charcoal-based soil amendments on growth and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) in Cadmium contaminated soil

“…There are numerous techniques for remediation of Cd contaminated farm land which either reduces the soil total metal load, or the mobility and bioavailability (Tang et al, 2016). Examples include dig and fill method, electrokinetic remediation, chemical elution, stabilization and solidification, phytoremediation, field management and combined remediation.…”

“…Examples include dig and fill method, electrokinetic remediation, chemical elution, stabilization and solidification, phytoremediation, field management and combined remediation. As pointed out by Tang et al (2016), the existing methods for Cd remediation in soil Cadmium contamination in paddy soils contributes to Cd toxicity and health risk to humans through consumption of Cd-contaminated rice. The potential of charcoal-based soil amendment in alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice grown in paddy soil with low nitrogen availability was assessed in order to identify strategies to curve the problems of Cd contamination in rice.…”

“…It may also incur high costs for application on a large scale. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a remediation technique of Cd-enriched paddy soil which are low-cost, easy-tooperate, non-disturbing to the soil structure and nutrients, highly efficient in Cd soil load reduction, and associated with no interference of normal crop planting (Tang et al, 2016).…”