Review of recent studies and issues regarding the P300-based complex trial protocol for detection of concealed information

Rosenfeld, J. Peter; Hu, Xiaoqing; Labkovsky, Elena; Meixner, John B.; Winograd, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.08.012

Cited by 85 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Future studies using more temporally resolved data (electroencephalography, EEG, or simultaneous fMRI-EEG) may further inform whether transient memory signals can be detected in the presence of cognitive countermeasures. Such investigations may reveal that attention to memory representations necessarily gives rise to detectable memory signals, although we note that extant EEG-based memory detection methods also appear vulnerable to countermeasures (Rosenfeld et al, 2004(Rosenfeld et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Goal-Directed Modulation of Neural Memory Patterns: Implications for fMRI-Based Memory Detection

Uncapher¹,

Boyd-Meredith²,

Chow

et al. 2015

J. Neurosci.

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Remembering a past event elicits distributed neural patterns that can be distinguished from patterns elicited when encountering novel information. These differing patterns can be decoded with relatively high diagnostic accuracy for individual memories using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data. Brain-based memory detection-if valid and reliable-would have clear utility beyond the domain of cognitive neuroscience, in the realm of law, marketing, and beyond. However, a significant boundary condition on memory decoding validity may be the deployment of "countermeasures": strategies used to mask memory signals. Here we tested the vulnerability of fMRI-based memory detection to countermeasures, using a paradigm that bears resemblance to eyewitness identification. Participants were scanned while performing two tasks on previously studied and novel faces: (1) a standard recognition memory task; and (2) a task wherein they attempted to conceal their true memory state. Univariate analyses revealed that participants were able to strategically modulate neural responses, averaged across trials, in regions implicated in memory retrieval, including the hippocampus and angular gyrus. Moreover, regions associated with goal-directed shifts of attention and thought substitution supported memory concealment, and those associated with memory generation supported novelty concealment. Critically, whereas MVPA enabled reliable classification of memory states when participants reported memory truthfully, the ability to decode memory on individual trials was compromised, even reversing, during attempts to conceal memory. Together, these findings demonstrate that strategic goal states can be deployed to mask memory-related neural patterns and foil memory decoding technology, placing a significant boundary condition on their real-world utility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Goal-Directed Modulation of Neural Memory Patterns: Implications for fMRI-Based Memory Detection

Uncapher¹,

Boyd-Meredith²,

Chow

et al. 2015

J. Neurosci.

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“…In a related review published in 2012, the necessity of an independent replication of these otherwise successful series of studies was already remarked (Ben-Shakhar, 2012), but, to the best of our knowledge, no such attempts were reported to date. Besides replicating some of the findings, the main purpose of our study was to provide an outside view through a reconsideration of the previous studies with an emphasis on the findings related to the resistance to countermeasures, which is considered to be a key feature of the CTP method, distinguishing it from other deception detection methods (Rosenfeld, 2011;Rosenfeld et al, 2013). …”

Section: The P300 As a Tool For Detecting Concealed Informationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The original P vs. Iall measure has been regularly used for classification since the first P300-based CIT studies (Farwell and Donchin, 1991;Wasserman and Bockenholt, 1989), including all CTP articles (see Rosenfeld et al, 2013).…”

Section: Uninvestigated Effects Of Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The "P vs. Imax" measure was introduced along with the CTP as an alternative analysis method (Rosenfeld et al, 2008), and has been used and reported in subsequent studies (Meixner et al, 2009;Rosenfeld, 2014, 2011;Rosenfeld and Labkovsky, 2010), but not in all of them (see Rosenfeld et al, 2013).…”

Section: Uninvestigated Effects Of Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main purpose of our study was to show that the CTP version of the P300-based CIT, which has repeatedly been claimed to be highly resistant (or even immune) to countermeasures (Rosenfeld, 2011;Rosenfeld et al, 2013Rosenfeld et al, , 2008, can in fact be severely vulnerable to certain countermeasures, when using the P vs. Imax measure, i.e., when the probe (the critical information, e.g., crime detail) is compared to the Imax (the one irrelevant information which has evoked the largest P300pp responses). An effective countermeasure can be accomplished by covert responses to a small group of irrelevant items, and a different response, or no response at all, to all other items.…”

Section: Effects Of "Small Group" Countermeasures On the P Vs Imax Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The first independent study on the complex trial protocol version of the P300-based concealed information test: Corroboration of previous findings and highlights on vulnerabilities

Lukács

Weiss

Dalos

et al. 2016

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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More than a dozen studies of the Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) version of the P300-based Concealed Information Test have been published since its introduction (Rosenfeld et al., 2008), and it has been fairly consistently proven to provide high accuracy and strong resistance to countermeasures . However, no independent authors have verified these findings until now. In the present, first independent study, we corroborate the accuracy and countermeasure-resistance of the CTP, when the probe item (critical presented information, e.g., crime detail; P) vs. all irrelevant items (Iall) comparison is used for classifying participants as guilty or innocent, but we also show that the CTP is severely vulnerable to countermeasures, when the P vs. the irrelevant item with the largest P300 responses (Imax) comparison is used.This latter measure can be defeated by creating "oddball" items among the irrelevant items (through targeting them with covert responses), and thereby making their P300 responses statistically indistinguishable from those of the probe item. Practical implications are discussed.

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Forensic Application of Event‐Related Brain Potentials to Detect Guilty Knowledge

Iacono¹

2014

Detecting Deception

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Review of recent studies and issues regarding the P300-based complex trial protocol for detection of concealed information

Cited by 85 publications

References 70 publications

Goal-Directed Modulation of Neural Memory Patterns: Implications for fMRI-Based Memory Detection

Goal-Directed Modulation of Neural Memory Patterns: Implications for fMRI-Based Memory Detection

The first independent study on the complex trial protocol version of the P300-based concealed information test: Corroboration of previous findings and highlights on vulnerabilities

Forensic Application of Event‐Related Brain Potentials to Detect Guilty Knowledge

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