Review of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell-Powered Systems for Stationary Applications Using Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

The telecommunication industry relies heavily on a reliable and continuous power supply. Traditional power sources like diesel generators have long been the backbone of telecom infrastructure. However, the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly solutions has spurred interest in renewable energy sources. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell-based systems, integrated with solar and wind energy, offer a promising alternative. This review explores the potential of these hybrid systems in stationary telecom applications, providing a comprehensive overview of their architecture, energy management, and storage solutions. As the demand for telecommunication services grows, so does the need for a reliable power supply. Diesel generators are linked with high operational costs, noise pollution, and significant greenhouse gas emissions, prompting a search for more sustainable alternatives. This review analyzes the current state of PEM fuel cell systems in telecom applications, examines the architecture of microgrids incorporating renewable energy sources, and discusses optimization methods, challenges, and future directions for energy storage systems. Critical findings and recommendations are presented, highlighting objectives and constraints for future developments. Leveraging these technologies can help the telecom industry reduce fossil fuel reliance, lower operational costs, minimize environmental impact, and increase system reliability.