Review of preschool vision screening referrals in South Auckland, New Zealand

Anstice, Nicola; Spink, Jennifer; Abdul-Rahman, Anmar

doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00713.x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The differences between the visual acuity values at 6-7 years and the screening values appear statistically significant, in line with what is reported in the literature [26][27][28][29][30][31][32], despite the difference in programs and procedures. There are no relevant associations…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

"Outcome Evaluation of the Visual Preschool Screening in the Province of Trento North East Italy"

Piffer¹,

Trettel

Rizzello³

2021

BJSTR

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Introduction: Amblyopia represents the main cause of visual impairment in the developmental age, with a prevalence in preschool children between 1.5 and 4.0%. Preschool visual screening is an evidence-based practice that allows for an early diagnosis of amblyopia and consequently an early treatment that can allow recovery, even total, of visual function. This study reports on the evaluation of the final outcome of visual screening in three consecutive cohorts of children born in the province of Trento and subjected to visual screening at the age of 4, then verifying the quality of vision after 2/3 years. Material and Methods:The subjects identified as amblyopic among children undergoing preschool visual screening at 4 years (second year of kindergarten), in the years 2012-2014, were taken into consideration. These subjects, registered in the screening archive, were followed retrospectively up to three years after the date of the screening to verify, through the Hospital Information System, whether or not they had carried out an eye examination, verifying the acuity vision values achieved for the right eye and the left eye respectively. The data relating to the treatment carried out were also recovered. The difference between the post-treatment and pre-treatment visit acuity values was assessed by the student's T test for the statistical significance of the differences. The assessment of the quality of vision at screening and at the follow-up assessment was also expressed in LOGMar. The significance of the differences between the proportions under comparison (gender, citizenship, residence area) was tested with the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, as needed. Proportions are provided by 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: In the years 2012-2014, 13,638 children underwent preschool visual screening, with an average coverage of 96%. Children classified as amblyopic were 208, for an average prevalence of 1.5%. Astigmatism affects 80% of cases. Data on outcome evaluation were recovered at 6/7 years of age in 178 subjects (85.6% of the series). Corrective lenses were prescribed in all 178 cases evaluated. One subject underwent surgical treatment for congenital cataracts. An exclusive occlusive therapy was performed in 171 subjects (96%), in 7 cases the filters were used exclusively, given the impracticability of the occlusive treatment. In a further 9 cases, filters were used after recognition of poor compliance with the occlusive treatment. The average level of visual acuity at the evaluation of 6/7 years passes from 5.3 to 9 tenths for the right eye and from 4.7 to 9 tenths for the left eye. There is a statistically significant increase in the average values of visual acuity and isoacuity. Foreign children reach levels of visual acuity lower than in Italians. There were no differences in outcomes in relation to gender and residence area of the cases. The visual quality achieved is affected by the basic defect present. Discussion: Various aspects, internal and external to the Health Service, do not allow...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

"Outcome Evaluation of the Visual Preschool Screening in the Province of Trento North East Italy"

Piffer¹,

Trettel

Rizzello³

2021

BJSTR

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“…The test has several disadvantages, including irregular progression size of the letters, the absence of a 6/7.5 (0.10 logMAR) line, truncation of the test at Snellen 6/6 acuity in the standard booklet, with measures of better visual acuity requiring the use of an additional booklet and a lack of contour interaction in the original uncrowded version . The Sheridan–Gardiner test has been used widely in vision screening programs; however, preschool vision screening programs that rely solely on measurements of visual acuity have low specificity and often produce high false positive referral rates compared to more comprehensive testing that is carried out by trained eye‐care providers . Sheridan suggests that normal monocular visual acuity in children aged five to seven is 6/4.5 (‐0.125 logMAR) on the single optotype version of the test and other authors have also reported better than 6/6 visual acuity obtained with Sheridan–Gardiner letters in young children.…”

Section: Measurement Of Recognition Acuity In Preschool Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of visual acuity in children: an evidence‐based update

Anstice

Thompson

2014

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Over the past decade, a number of large clinical trials have provided important information relating to the reliability and repeatability of commonly used paediatric tests of vision and their role in the diagnosis and management of paediatric ocular diseases. The aim of this review is to summarise recent findings on the use of paediatric visual acuity tests in clinical practice and to discuss the validity and accuracy of visual acuity measurements in infants and young children. We provide a broad overview of the benefits and challenges of measuring visual acuity in children and then discuss age-appropriate tests for measuring visual acuity in infants through to school-age children. We also discuss normative values for visual acuity in each age group and, where possible, provide comparisons of results between tests with a particular focus on the importance of optotype design.

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“…There remains a consequent risk of non‐visual acuity related conditions remaining undetected. A summary of a number of screening programs conducted in other countries is provided in Table …”

Section: Vision Screening Programs In Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of guidelines for children’s vision screenings

Hopkins

Sampson

Hendicott

et al. 2013

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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The aim of children's vision screenings is to detect visual problems that are common in this age category through valid and reliable tests. Nevertheless, the cost effectiveness of paediatric vision screenings, the nature of the tests included in the screening batteries and the ideal screening age has been the cause of much debate in Australia and worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to report on the current practice of children's vision screenings in Australia and other countries, as well as to evaluate the evidence for and against the provision of such screenings. This was undertaken through a detailed investigation of peer‐reviewed publications on this topic. The current review demonstrates that there is no agreed vision screening protocol for children in Australia. This appears to be a result of the lack of strong evidence supporting the benefit of such screenings. While amblyopia, strabismus and, to a lesser extent refractive error, are targeted by many screening programs during pre‐school and at school entry, there is less agreement regarding the value of screening for other visual conditions, such as binocular vision disorders, ocular health problems and refractive errors that are less likely to reduce distance visual acuity. In addition, in Australia, little agreement exists in the frequency and coverage of screening programs between states and territories and the screening programs that are offered are ad hoc and poorly documented. Australian children stand to benefit from improved cohesion and communication between jurisdictions and health professionals to enable an equitable provision of validated vision screening services that have the best chance of early detection and intervention for a range of paediatric visual problems.

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Review of preschool vision screening referrals in South Auckland, New Zealand

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

"Outcome Evaluation of the Visual Preschool Screening in the Province of Trento North East Italy"

"Outcome Evaluation of the Visual Preschool Screening in the Province of Trento North East Italy"

The measurement of visual acuity in children: an evidence‐based update

Review of guidelines for children’s vision screenings

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