Review of prehospital sodium bicarbonate use for cyclic antidepressant overdose

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation of patients with cyclic antidepressant (CA) and use of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) in the treatment of this overdose in the prehospital setting. Methods: A three year retrospective observational review of records was performed using the San Diego County Quality Assurance Network database for prehospital providers. All adult patients who were treated with NaHCO 3 by paramedics for a CA overdose were included. Demographic data, presenting cardiovascular and neurological symptoms, paramedic treatments, and any changes in status were reviewed. Results: Twenty one patients were treated by paramedics with NaHCO 3 for CA overdose. Seventeen patients (80%) presented with mental status changes, including 11 presenting with a GCS<8. Seven of the 21 (33%) presented with a cardiac arrhythmia expected to possibly respond to NaHCO 3 treatment. Seven of the 21 (33%) were hypotensive, and five (24%) patients had reported seizure activity. Only 2 of the 21 patients (10%) treated with NaHCO 3 had recorded improvements after administration of the drug, while the other 19 remained stable without any deterioration. Sixteen of 21 patients (76%) were given NaHCO 3 for indications on standing order, while five patients were treated outside the standing order indications by base physician order with none of the five patients having any change in status ater treatment. Conclusions: After prehospital NaHCO 3 use in patients with CA overdose, there were no complications reported, two patients improved in status and the others remained unchanged. Base hospital physician orders of NaHCO 3 for indications beyond the standing orders were not associated with changes in patient status.

A retrospective analysis of antidepressant poisonings in the emergency department: 11-year experience

“…10 Calkins et al ., reported that a GCS score of 8 and under was 47% in TCA poisonings. 22 According to our study, mean GCS score was found to be 14 on first evaluation of the patients. Additionally, the majority of patients with a GCS score of 8 and under were poisoned by TCAs and those patients were intubated at a higher rate than patients with a GCS score of 9 and over.…”

Comparative Study of the Acute Toxicity of Fluoxetine Versus Amitriptyline and the Predictive Factors for Their Complications

“…Similarly, low GCS on admission was identified as an independent risk factor for the development of life-threatening complications such as seizure and a predictor of bad prognosis after amitriptyline poisoning (Paksu et al, 2014). Furthermore, the increased incidence of seizure reported together with low GCS was found in a study of TCAs overdose by Calkins et al (2003).…”

A Comparison of Effectiveness of Sodium Bicarbonate in Patients Intoxicated by Tricyclic Antidepressants and Anticholinergic Drugs Other Than Tricyclic Antidepressants which Affected the Heart

“…4 TSA zehirlenmesi olan hastaları konu alan iki çalışmada hipotansiyon oranları %33 ve 34 bulunmuştur. 7,8 Bizim çalışmamızda hipotansiyon birinci grupta 1 (% 3,3), ikinci gruptaysa 2 (%7,1) hastada görüldü. Hipotansiyonla gelen hastalarda NaHCO 3 tedavisiyle birlikte sıvı tedavisi yeterli oldu ve tedavide TSA zehirlenmelerinde EKG anormalliği gö-rülme oranının %37 olduğu bildirilmiştir.…”