Review of Preclinical Outcomes of a Topical Cationic Emulsion of Cyclosporine A for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases

Abstract

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been used as a topical treatment for various ocular surface diseases including dry eye disease (DED). Several CsA formulations are available as solutions or emulsions. Purpose: This review describes the development and the preclinical testing of a cationic oil-in-water emulsion of CsA (CE-CsA) in terms of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and ocular tolerance. Due to the cationic charge, CE electrostatically interacts with the negatively-charged ocular surface, improving its residence time. Compared to other CsA formulations, CE-CsA and CE itself were found to reduce the signs and symptoms of DED, by restoring tear film stability and properties, and inhibiting the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. No delay in wound healing nor ocular toxicity were observed using CE formulations. Conclusion: these findings indicate that the type of vehicle can significantly affect the performance of eye drops and play an ancillary role in DED treatment. CE appears as a promising strategy to deliver drugs to the ocular surface while maintaining its homeostasis.