Review of pool boiling critical heat flux (CHF) and heater rod design for CHF experiments in TREAT

Hernandez, Richard; Folsom, Charles P.; Woolstenhulme, Nicolas E.; Jensen, Colby; Bess, John D.; Gorton, Jacob P.; Brown, Nicholas R.

doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103303

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Boiling performance is primarily determined by the critical heat flux (CHF) and heattransfer coefficient (HTC). The CHF denotes the upper limit of nucleate boiling and occurs when the population of bubbles on the surface becomes too high (at a high heat flux), neighboring bubbles extensively coalesce (i.e., merge on or very near the surface), and form an insulating vapor blanket that covers the heating surface, thereby significantly reducing heat transfer intensity [7 . ] The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) represents the ratio between the dissipated heat flux and the corresponding wall superheat, i.e., the temperature difference between the boiling surface and the bulk fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CHF denotes the upper limit of nucleate boiling and occurs when the population of bubbles on the surface becomes too high (at a high heat flux), neighboring bubbles extensively coalesce (i.e., merge on or very near the surface), and form an insulating vapor blanket that covers the heating surface, thereby significantly reducing heat transfer intensity. [7] The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) represents the ratio between the dissipated heat flux and the corresponding wall superheat, i.e., the temperature difference between the boiling surface and the bulk fluid. Although boiling heat transfer is one of the most intense heat transfer mechanisms, researchers in this field have extensively investigated numerous types of methods in the last few decades [8,9] to further improve the boiling performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superbiphilic Laser‐Microengineered Surfaces with A Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coating for Exceptional Boiling Performance

Hadžić,

Može,

Zupančič

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The rapid advancement of engineering systems has spurred the search for innovative thermal management solutions. Boiling, as a phase‐change heat transfer method, has shown promise in heat dissipation, but non‐functionalized surfaces struggle with increasing cooling demands. To improve heat dissipation efficiency across different heat loads, functionalized surfaces with tailored wettability have been proposed. Separately, superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces each offer benefits and drawbacks in boiling applications but combining them on a single “biphilic” surface simultaneously harnesses their advantages. In this study, laser‐functionalized copper surfaces with spatially tailored wettability are developed by combining two‐step laser texturing with a self‐assembled monolayer coating, while focus is placed on the impact of the size and pitch of superhydrophobic spots. The developed functionalized surfaces exhibit exceptional boiling performance with heat transfer coefficients up to 299 kW m−2 K−1, a 434% enhancement over untreated surfaces. Optimal ratios of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic areas and optimal spot pitch are identified. Additionally, varying behavior at different heat flux levels is observed, emphasizing the importance of considering thermal loads when determining the optimal surface pattern. This advancement in performance, along with the rapid and cost‐effective functionalization process, represents a significant breakthrough for enhanced thermal management applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superbiphilic Laser‐Microengineered Surfaces with A Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coating for Exceptional Boiling Performance

Hadžić,

Može,

Zupančič

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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show abstract

“…However, research work on other geometries is crucial because it is evidence that the CHF will strongly be influenced by it. In addition, the currently employed models (e.g., Zuber’s correlation) fails to accurately predict CHF when using thin wires [ 498 ], and therefore scholars need to focus more into developing a universal model that can withstand such limitation.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

et al. 2021

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Nanofluids have opened the doors towards the enhancement of many of today’s existing thermal applications performance. This is because these advanced working fluids exhibit exceptional thermophysical properties, and thus making them excellent candidates for replacing conventional working fluids. On the other hand, nanomaterials of carbon-base were proven throughout the literature to have the highest thermal conductivity among all other types of nanoscaled materials. Therefore, when these materials are homogeneously dispersed in a base fluid, the resulting suspension will theoretically attain orders of magnitude higher effective thermal conductivity than its counterpart. Despite this fact, there are still some challenges that are associated with these types of fluids. The main obstacle is the dispersion stability of the nanomaterials, which can lead the attractive properties of the nanofluid to degrade with time, up to the point where they lose their effectiveness. For such reason, this work has been devoted towards providing a systematic review on nanofluids of carbon-base, precisely; carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds, and their employment in thermal systems commonly used in the energy sectors. Firstly, this work reviews the synthesis approaches of the carbon-based feedstock. Then, it explains the different nanofluids fabrication methods. The dispersion stability is also discussed in terms of measuring techniques, enhancement methods, and its effect on the suspension thermophysical properties. The study summarizes the development in the correlations used to predict the thermophysical properties of the dispersion. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of these advanced working fluids on parabolic trough solar collectors, nuclear reactor systems, and air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Lastly, the current gap in scientific knowledge is provided to set up future research directions.

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“…Thus, cost-effective synthesis methods should be established to prepare relatively small nanoparticles. (7) The relative size effect of nanoparticles in the liquid phase requires further examination to prevent from particle clustering. (8) To the best of our knowledge, a limited number of studies have attributed the CHF amelioration to alternations in nanofluids' thermal transport properties.…”

Section: Increase In the Surface Wettability Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Critical Heat Flux Amelioration of Pool Boiling Surfaces Using Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Deposition

et al. 2020

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Pool boiling is an effective heat transfer process in a wide range of applications related to energy conversion, including power generation, solar collectors, cooling systems, refrigeration and air conditioning. By considering the broad range of applications, any improvement in higher heat-removal yield can ameliorate the ultimate heat usage and delay or even avoid the occurrence of system failures, thus leading to remarkable economic, environmental and energy efficiency outcomes. A century of research on ameliorating critical heat flux (CHF) has focused on altering the boiling surface characteristics, such as its nucleation site density, wettability, wickability and heat transfer area, by many innovative techniques. Due to the remarkable interest of using nanoparticle deposition on boiling surfaces, this review is targeted towards investigating whether or not metal oxide nanoparticles can modify surface characteristics to enhance the CHF. The influence of nanoparticle material, thermo-physical properties, concentration, shape, and size are categorized, and the inconsistency or contradictions of the existing research results are recognized. In the following, nanoparticle deposition methods are presented to provide a worthwhile alternative to deposition rather than nanofluid boiling. Furthermore, possible mechanisms and models are identified to explain the amelioration results. Finally, the present status of nanoparticle deposition for CHF amelioration, along with their future challenges, amelioration potentials, limitations, and their possible industrial implementation, is discussed.

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Review of pool boiling critical heat flux (CHF) and heater rod design for CHF experiments in TREAT

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Superbiphilic Laser‐Microengineered Surfaces with A Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coating for Exceptional Boiling Performance

Superbiphilic Laser‐Microengineered Surfaces with A Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coating for Exceptional Boiling Performance

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

Recent Advances in the Critical Heat Flux Amelioration of Pool Boiling Surfaces Using Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Deposition

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