Review of Polymorphism of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene and Breast Cancer Risk

Abstract

Polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR or CaR) has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. This receptor plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, and has also been detected in several tissues that are unrelated to calcium metabolism, such as the skin, brain, and breast. The calcium-sensing receptor on cellular level, it regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, cell death, and gene expression. In breast cancer cells, CaSR seems to stimulate secretion of the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which stimulates cellular proliferation. Likewise, some studies have supported not only an association between calcium receptor gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk, but also a higher aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes in breast cancer, which led us to make a survey in Pubmed on the subject in the last 10 years. Thus, in the literature there is a paucity of studies on the subject and the aim of this review was to show the role of calcium-sensing receptor and its association with breast cancer risk.

Genetic analyses of differences between solid and nonsolid predominant lung adenocarcinomas

“…CASR is deregulated in solid LUAD compared to the nonsolid subtypes. Previous reports have indicated that CASR dysfunction is associated with increased aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes in breast cancer 34 however, the role of CARS in the carcinogenesis of LUAD remains unknown.…”

The CaSR in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer: A New Target for Early Stage Bone Metastases

“…Studies have aimed to find a correlation between breast cancer risk and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CaSR gene. According to a recent review, only four articles (comprising of case-control and meta-analyzes studies) point toward a significant association (55). The African-American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) study demonstrated that the SNP in CASR rs112594756 presented with a higher odds ratio for estrogen receptor status in breast cancer (56).…”

Metabolite Sensing GPCRs: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment?

“…An oncogenic role of CasR has been described in breast, renal, prostate and gastric cancers. Regarding breast cancer, some evidences support an association between three different Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in CasR (rs112594756, rs17251221, and rs1801725) and breast cancer risk, higher aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes [94,95]. In fact, CasR stimulates the proliferation of breast cancer cells and mediates the promoting effect of extracellular calcium on bone metastasis [96].…”