Review of Physical Metallurgy of Creep Steel for the Design of Modern Steam Power Plants – Fundamental Theories and Parametric Models

Abstract

The need for electricity supply has increased tremendously in recent time thereby necessitating an improvement in the efficiency of steam power plant. A greater efficiency leads to a saving in fuel for a given electricity output with a consequential reduction in the rate at which damage is done to the earth's environment. This paper looks at the physical metallurgy theories and parametric models that have been the bases in the design of steel for power plant applications.

Decreasing Mechanical Properties of the Superheater Steel Grade P22 Heated at Elevated Temperature Under Constant Stress

“…The larger particles grew at the expense of the smaller ones, and the distribution gradually changed from large numbers of small particles to a small number of large ones. The obtained result was consistent with the reported creep mechanism, by which the growth and redistribution of carbides resulted in decreasing the steel performance [24,25]. However, the SEM observation did not find any cavities because the time may not be sufficient for the formation of cavities occurring at grain boundaries, as the creep failure, caused damage in the pine steel worked at elevated temperatures for a long time.…”

Aplicación de Thermo-Calc en las transformaciones de fase de un acero 2.25Cr-1Mo durante su tratamiento térmico y exposición isotérmica

“…Los aceros ferríticos Cr-Mo son materiales importantes ampliamente utilizados en las industrias de generación de energía y petroquímica. Además, con este tipo de aceros se fabrican diferentes componentes industriales (Igwemezie et al, 2016), Dimitriu et al, 2007), (Liu et al, 2017), tales aplicaciones incluyen calderas, calentadores, intercambiadores de calor, recipientes a presión, hidrocraqueadores, etc. Ejemplos de aceros al Cr-Mo están aleados con 0.5% Mo, 1% Cr-0.5% Mo, 2.25% Cr-1% Mo, 5% Cr-1% Mo, 9% Cr-1% Mo y 12% Cr-1% Mo.…”