Review of Phosphite as a Plant Nutrient and Fungicide

Abstract

Phosphite (Phi)-containing products are marketed for their antifungal and nutritional value. Substantial evidence of the anti-fungal properties of Phi on a wide variety of plants has been documented. Although Phi is readily absorbed by plant leaves and/or roots, the plant response to Phi used as a phosphorus (P) source is variable. Negative effects of Phi on plant growth are commonly observed under P deficiency compared to near adequate plant P levels. Positive responses to Phi may be attributed to some level of fungal disease control. While only a few studies have provided evidence of Phi oxidation through cellular enzymes genetically controlled in plant cells, increasing evidence exists for the potential to manipulate plant genes to enhance oxidation of Phi to phosphate (Pi) in plants. Advances in genetic engineering to sustain growth and yield with Phi + Pi potentially provides a dual fertilization and weed control system. Further advances in genetic manipulation of plants to utilize Phi are warranted. Since Phi oxidation occurs slowly in soils, additional information is needed to characterize Phi oxidation kinetics under variable soil and environmental conditions.

Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA

“…This lower soil retention of Phi to Pi could help Phi reach much deeper roots, but it makes Phi more susceptible to surface runoff losses and leaching, as noted by Morton et al [22]. Since there are similarities between the two molecules of Phi and Pi [43], the sorption of Phi to soil seems analogous to Pi sorption, depending on soil pH and the mechanisms of soil sorption and precipitation on surfaces of clay minerals, Al and Fe oxides, and carbonates [1,41]. Therefore, the DW and Mehlich 1 Pi and Phi analysis would represent together the soil P generic pools of solution P and labile P, respectively [1].…”

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activities of Organically Templated Cobalt Phosphite (H2DAB)[Co(H2PO3)4]·2H2O

“…The P-O bond distances were in the range 1.5050(13)-1.5732(14) Å for P(5) atom [d (P-O) Av. 1.5283 Å] and 1.4987(13)-1.5625(15) Å for P (7) [d (P-O) Av. 1.5189 Å].…”

“…Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials with promising physicochemical properties and applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The applications of such materials range from chemical catalysis, energy storage, and drug delivery to food preservation, sterilization, and environmental protection [8].…”

Tribenzyl(methyl)ammonium: A Versatile Counterion for the Crystallization of Nanojars with Incarcerated Selenite and Phosphite Ions and Tethered Pyrazole Ligands

“…Selenium pollution can originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources, including mining, petrochemical, agricultural, and industrial manufacturing operations . The nontoxic phosphite anion, HPO 3 2– , is also encountered in the environment, and it plays an important role in the biogeochemistry of phosphorus − and in agriculture. , The accumulation in water bodies of otherwise harmless anions, such as phosphate from fertilizers and chloride from road salt, is detrimental for the environment. Therefore, the study of anion binding and the development of anion receptors for the recognition and selective extraction of anions from aqueous media is an important current field of study.…”