Nanophotonic
chiral sensing has recently attracted a lot of attention.
The idea is to exploit the strong light–matter interaction
in nanophotonic resonators to determine the concentration of chiral
molecules at ultralow thresholds, which is highly attractive for numerous
applications in life science and chemistry. However, a thorough understanding
of the underlying interactions is still missing. The theoretical description
relies on either simple approximations or on purely numerical approaches.
We close this gap and present a general theory of chiral light–matter
interactions in arbitrary resonators. Our theory describes the chiral
interaction as a perturbation of the resonator modes, also known as
resonant states or quasi-normal modes. We observe two dominant contributions:
A chirality-induced resonance shift and changes in the modes’
excitation and emission efficiencies. Our theory brings deep insights
for tailoring and enhancing chiral light–matter interactions.
Furthermore, it allows us to predict spectra much more efficiently
in comparison to conventional approaches. This is particularly true,
as chiral interactions are inherently weak and therefore perturbation
theory fits extremely well for this problem.