Review of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with liquid chromatography

Clinical mass spectrometry proteomics (cMSP) for medical laboratory: What does the future hold?

“…Sample preparation processes have therefore become a significant means of decreasing the limit of detection (LOD), which depends on both the amount of sample available and whether the final volume of the sample can be reduced. Traditional sample preparation takes place in vials and microplates, via either manual or robotic pipetting, while new approaches involve on-line techniques connected directly to the analytical instruments set-up used [25].…”

On-line coupling of Micro-Extraction by Packed Sorbent with Sequential Injection Chromatography system for direct extraction and determination of betaxolol in human urine

“…In the works of AbdelRehim et al and Said et al, programmable autosampler of a MEPS-LC-MS system was used for handling the MEPS process and subsequent injection on chromatographic column [5,6]. Attempts of direct coupling of MEPS with HPLC, GC or MS were reported in the literature [7]. Nevertheless, the automation and on-line coupling of MEPS with analytical instrumentation remains a most critical step in the method development [4].…”

Off-line sample preparation by electrophoretic concentration using a micropipette and hydrogel

“…In liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), the ideal case is to concentrate the target analytes from a large volume of sample into a much smaller volume of extraction phase [1][2][3]. However, for practical reasons LLE usually involves the use of an ample volume of extraction phase, with the sample and extraction phases being shaken, physically separated, and then the volume of the extraction phase is reduced by evaporation.…”