Review of neutrophil adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing

Smith, Gary Scott; Lumsden, J. H.

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(83)90058-2

Cited by 58 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…It is known that stress can be a factor leading to immunosupression in mammals and fish [37,38], since corticosteroids act as inhibitors of neutrophil functions, such as phagocytosis, migration and oxidative burst [2,4]. It was demonstrated earlier that MS-222 did not prevent increase in cortisol levels in catfish exposed to handling stress [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

Palić

Andreasen

Menzel

et al. 2005

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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A direct, rapid, quantitative colorimetric assay to determine neutrophil primary granule degranulation was adapted for use with fathead minnow kidney neutrophils. The assay measures the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3,30,5,50-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. The assay was validated by comparing the total myeloperoxidase content of neutrophil populations obtained from adult cattle, as a known positive, and fish; evaluating the effects of calcium ionophore (CaI), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), aqueous solution of b-glucan (MGAQ) and zymosan (Z) with and without cytochalasin B (cyto B) as stimulants of degranulation; determining the kinetics of primary granule exocytosis and detecting changes in degranulation when fish were exposed to stress and anaesthesia with MS-222. The MPO assay detected MPO activity in fathead minnow neutrophils that correlated to neutrophil numbers, confirmed that degranulation was increased when CaI was used compared to other stimulants, determined degranulation peak at 60 min and confirmed decreased degranulation after exposure to handling and crowding stress, with and without MS-222. Therefore, the MPO assay is capable of detecting important differences that may occur in degranulation of fathead minnow kidney neutrophil primary granules and in total neutrophil myeloperoxidase content. Abstract A direct, rapid, quantitative colorimetric assay to determine neutrophil primary granule degranulation was adapted for use with fathead minnow kidney neutrophils. The assay measures the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3,3 0 ,5,5 0 -tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. The assay was validated by comparing the total myeloperoxidase content of neutrophil populations obtained from adult cattle, as a known positive, and fish; evaluating the effects of calcium ionophore (CaI), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), aqueous solution of b-glucan (MGAQ) and zymosan (Z) with and without cytochalasin B (cyto B) as stimulants of degranulation; determining the kinetics of primary granule exocytosis and detecting changes in degranulation when fish were exposed to stress and anaesthesia with MS-222. The MPO assay detected MPO activity in fathead minnow neutrophils that correlated to neutrophil numbers, confirmed that degranulation was increased when CaI was used compared to other stimulants, determined degranulation peak at 60 min and confirmed decreased degranulation after exposure to handling and crowding stress, with and without MS-222. Therefore, the MPO assay is capable of detecting important differences that may occur in degranulation of fathead minnow kidney neutrophil primary granules and in total neutrophil myeloperoxidase content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

Palić

Andreasen

Menzel

et al. 2005

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Increased levels of corticosteroids can cause a reduction in neutrophil function in mammals, and corticosteroids are well known inhibitors of neutrophil functions such as phagocytosis, migration and oxidative burst (Roth and Kaeberle, 1981;Smith and Lumsden, 1983). Cortisol has been shown to inhibit phagocytosis in leukocytes of common carp and tilapia in vitro (Law et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate, metomidate and eugenol: Effects on plasma cortisol concentration and neutrophil function in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

et al. 2006

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Anesthetic efficacy, plasma cortisol concentration, and two parameters of neutrophil function (oxidative burst and degranulation of primary granules) were compared among three anesthetics in the fathead minnow: tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222), metomidate hydrochloride (MTMD), and eugenol (EUG). The optimum anesthetic concentration was determined as: MS 222 75 mg L − 1 , EUG 30 mg L − 1 and MTMD 4 mg L − 1 . Handling and crowding stress was induced in fish with (SA) and without (S) anesthetic. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured at 0, 30, 90, and 240 min after stress and found to increase at 30 min post-stress in S and SA MS 222 groups, but not in SA MTMD and SA EUG groups. To test the effects of different anesthetics on neutrophil function, fish were divided into a baseline control group, a group exposed to handling and crowding stress (S) and a stressed anesthetized group (SA). Fish were assayed for neutrophil function before and after stress (24 h, 72 h and 7 days). The degranulation of neutrophil primary granules was measured as exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. Degranulation of primary granules was decreased to 60-75% of non-stressed control in stressed and fish treated with MS 222, and was not affected when MTMD and EUG were used. The degranulation of primary granules proved to be a useful assay for measuring the effects of stress on neutrophil function in fish. Eugenol and metomidate prevented stress-induced decrease of neutrophil function while MS 222 did not. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractAnesthetic efficacy, plasma cortisol concentration, and two parameters of neutrophil function (oxidative burst and degranulation of primary granules) were compared among three anesthetics in the fathead minnow: tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222), metomidate hydrochloride (MTMD), and eugenol (EUG). The optimum anesthetic concentration was determined as: MS 222 75 mg L − 1 , EUG 30 mg L − 1 and MTMD 4 mg L − 1 . Handling and crowding stress was induced in fish with (SA) and without (S) anesthetic. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured at 0, 30, 90, and 240 min after stress and found to increase at 30 min post-stress in S and SA MS 222 groups, but not in SA MTMD and SA EUG groups. To test the effects of different anesthetics on neutrophil function, fish were divided into a baseline control group, a group exposed to handling and crowding stress (S) and a stressed anesthetized group (SA). Fish were assayed for neutrophil function before and after stress (24 h, 72 h and 7 days). The degranulation of neutrophil primary granules was measured as exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. Degranulation of primary granules was decreased to 60-75% of non-stressed control in stressed and fish treated with MS 222, and was not affected when MTMD and EUG w...

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“…N eutrophils play a fundamental role in the innate immune response, acting as the first line of cellular defense against microbial infection. 1 There also is a growing body of evidence to support the substantial contribution of neutrophils to the adaptive limb of the immune response by modulating both cellular and humoral immunity, particularly by the synthesis and release of immunoregulatory cytokines. [2][3][4] It is not surprising then that neutrophil kinetics and their role in disease have been extensively studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Prognostic Utility of Degenerative Left Shifts in Dogs

Burton

Harris

Owens

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: A degenerative left shift (DLS) in dogs is reported to be a poor prognostic indicator, but no studies have been reported to verify this claim.Hypothesis/Objectives: To characterize the canine population affected by DLS and to determine if the presence and severity of the DLS are associated with increased risk of euthanasia or death.Animals: Three-hundred and nineteen dogs with DLS (cases) and 918 dogs without DLS (controls) presented to the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between April 1, 1995 and April 1, 2010.Methods: Retrospective case-control study. All cases had a CBC performed within 24 hours of presentation that showed an immature neutrophil count higher than the mature neutrophil count. Controls were matched by year of presentation and primary diagnosis. Survival analysis was used to determine the risk of death or euthanasia associated with DLS and other potential predictors.Results: Half of cases versus 76% of controls were alive at discharge. Median in-hospital survival time was 7 days for cases and 13 days for controls. DLS was a significant predictor of death or euthanasia in both univariate and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, HR, 1.9; 95% CI 1.54-2.34).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: DLS in dogs is associated with an increased risk of death or euthanasia. This finding, however, varies with disease diagnosis and should be interpreted in light of the individual patient.

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Review of neutrophil adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing

Cited by 58 publications

References 254 publications

A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

Anesthetic efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate, metomidate and eugenol: Effects on plasma cortisol concentration and neutrophil function in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

The Prognostic Utility of Degenerative Left Shifts in Dogs

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