Review of modern ceramic cellular materials and composites used in heat engineering

Abstract

THE PURPOSE. Cellular ceramic materials and composites have found application in many industries: energy, chemical industry, construction, aerospace. Due to their high thermomechanical properties, resistance to high temperatures and low density, cellular ceramic materials are widely used as heat exchangers for heat recovery from exhaust gases of gas turbine engines, combined-cycle plants, industrial furnaces, etc. The purpose of this work is to review modern cellular ceramic materials and composites used in heat engineering and having different structure, properties and chemical composition.METHODS. We have carried out a broad review of the literature on ceramic cellular materials and composites. We studied both domestic and foreign literature.RESULTS. The analysis of cellular ceramic materials with a regular (lattices) and random (foam) structure has been carried out. The main factors influencing the properties of ceramic foams and lattices are analyzed. Also, the main methods for the production of ceramic materials were studied, their advantages and disadvantages were revealed. A review of modern composite materials based on a ceramic matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplates, and carbon fibers has been carried out.CONCLUSION. The properties of ceramic cellular materials, as well as their areas of application, depend on the production methods and the structure of the material. Open-cell foams are used as filters, heat exchangers, while closed-cell foams are used as thermal insulation. Applications for ceramic lattices are limited by the precision, resolution, and size of 3D printing. Thus, the improvement of additive manufacturing technologies will improve the characteristics of ceramic gratings and expand their areas of application.