Review of Modeling and Control of Magnetostrictive Actuators

Abstract

Magnetostrictive actuators play an important role in the perception of usefulness of smart materials and devices. Their applications are potentially wider than that of piezoelectric actuators because of the higher energy density and intrinsic robustness. However, the non-negligible hysteresis and complexity of their characteristics make the design and control quite difficult and has limited their diffusion in industrial applications. Nevertheless, the scientific literature presents a wide offer of results in design and geometries, modeling and control that may be exploited for applications. This paper gives a reasoned review of the main results achieved in the literature about design, modeling and control of magnetostrictive actuators exploiting the direct effects of magnetostriction (Joule and Wiedemann). Some perspectives and challenges about magnetostrictive actuators development are also gathered.

Finite Element and Experimental Analysis of an Axisymmetric Electromechanical Converter with a Magnetostrictive Rod

“…The vector U in (12) represents nodal displacement in the direction of r and the z axis. F is the vector of external forces, F m (B) is the magnetic force vector, which is given by the local application of the virtual work principle and F ms (σ,B) is the vector of nodal magnetostrictive forces.…”

“…In the formulations of the above Equations (11), (12), we applied the idea presented in [17]. This idea was modified by applying the concept of edge element calculations for a magnetic field and by a special method of force calculations F m (B).…”

“…The Joule effect makes the GMM usable in actuation, while the Villari effect is useful for sensing. The GMM are widely employed nowadays as the main components of actuators [4][5][6], sensors [1,7,8], energy harvesters [9,10] or some other devices [1,3,11,12]. The GMM can also be used to build unconventional motors, so-called vibromotors [13,14].…”

“…Usually, to determine the distribution of the magnetic and mechanical displacement fields, the finite element method (FEM) is used. Several studies about the use of FEM to solve nonlinear electro-magneto-mechanical equations and analyze the characteristics of the GMA have been published [12]. As examples, in [17,18], the authors implemented nonlinear FEM in static or quasi-static conditions.…”

A Simplified Sablik’s Approach to Model the Effect of Compaction Pressure on the Shape of Hysteresis Loops in Soft Magnetic Composite Cores

“…This is most probably due to its relatively simple implementation and the possibility to take different physical phenomena into account. Description of magnetomechanical coupling is one of the most important application targets [23]. The Jiles-Atherton model including the magnetoelastic term is usually applied for the description of magnetization processes in steels [15][16][17][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”