Review of Methods for the Determination of Ethylenethiourea (Imidazolidine-2-Thione) Residues

Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of urinary ethylenethiourea in humans

“…Techniques such as HPLC and GC were applied for the separation of ETU from other chemicals, and UV, MS, electrochemical and NPD detectors were used for its quantification (reviewed in [6,16]). The majority of these methods were developed for the determination of ETU in water or in complex matrices such as fruits and vegetables.…”

Determination of ethylenethiourea (ETU) and propylenethiourea (PTU) in foods by high performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation–medium-resolution mass spectrometry

“…Many papers have described methods for the determination of ETU and the earlier literature has been reviewed by Bottomley et al (1985) and Lentza-Rizos (1990). However, other workers have often commented on the unsatisfactory performance of many of the reported methods (Nitz et al 1982;Krause 1989a;Ahmad et al 1995).…”

“…However, other workers have often commented on the unsatisfactory performance of many of the reported methods (Nitz et al 1982;Krause 1989a;Ahmad et al 1995). Extraction from plant material has most frequently been accomplished with MeOH, EtOH or MeOH-water, although CHCl 3 -EtOH has also been employed (Bottomley et al 1985;Lentza-Rizos 1990). The AOAC Official Method (AOAC 1995) involves extraction by blending sample and diatomaceous earth with MeOH-water after the addition of NaCl.…”

Degradation of ethylenethiourea on lettuces

“…'-5 The methods of analysis of ETU in foodstuffs, biological fluids, and other substrates have recently been reviewed. 6 The most widely used method,' which has been adopted as a AOAC official method,' is gas-liquid chromatography of the S-* Presented at the Symposium on Modern Techniques in Trace Analysis of Pesticides organised by the butyl derivative of ETU with flame photometric detection. However, the reaction and work-up required are time-consuming, and some workers have found that the derivative is unstable, giving rise to erratic results.…”

“…However, the reaction and work-up required are time-consuming, and some workers have found that the derivative is unstable, giving rise to erratic results. 6 High performance liquid chromatography with photometricg-' ' or electrochemical detection,'2.' provides an alternative which avoids the necessity for producing a volatile derivative.…”