Review of Methods for Diagnosing Faults in the Stators of BLDC Motors

Abstract

A brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is a type of permanent magnet machine that is highly efficient and powerful and requires occasional maintenance. Thanks to these fortunate characteristics, this type of motor has various applications in high-tech industries. However, since BLDC motors are often required to operate at high-speed rotations and under extreme conditions, temperature overshoots can appear during operation, provoking damage to the windings. The purpose of this review is to present the results of a recent investigation and recollection of different methods used for the diagnosis of electrical faults in the stator, such as turn-to-turn short circuits, coil-to-coil short circuits, phase-to-phase short circuits and phase open circuits. In particular, this review presents an analysis of the available diagnosis methods according to the type of fault, the method or technique used for the diagnosis, the evaluated physical variables and the context in which the methods were evaluated (in simulations or in experimental tests). Based on this analysis, the following classifications of diagnostic methods are proposed: signal-based, model-based and data-based methods. Then, the pros and cons of each method class are described and discussed.

Advanced digital twin-enabled fault diagnosis framework for unmanned vehicle systems

“…Zhang et al [2] analyzed the common failure modes and causes of key valves based on physical models and proposed a real-time intelligent maintenance scheme for natural gas pipeline valves. Solís et al [3] divided the mathematical model-based BLDC motor stator fault diagnosis methods into two categories, including those without estimated error feedback and those with estimated error feedback. (2) Data-driven fault detection methods can be considered a subset of data-driven control optimization methods, focusing on the utilization of both online and offline data from controlled systems.…”

“…Additionally, the sensor loss represents a hidden degradation process that also varies over time. (3) Coupling. An unmanned vehicle encompasses the transformation of kinetic energy, electrical energy, and data information while in operation, constituting an electromechanical system that integrates various disciplines and fields.…”

Finding fault types of BLDC motors within UAVs using machine learning techniques

“…Winding failures on the stator can occur with loss of insulation on the windings. Overload operation and loss of rotor balance can cause heating of the windings, and the undissipated heat will cause loss of insulation that leads to the combustion of the motor winding [ 1 , 8 , 16 ].…”

PMSM Field-Oriented Control with Independent Speed and Flux Controllers for Continuous Operation under Open-Circuit Fault at Light Load Conditions

“…This process aims to ensure the early detection of faults, prevent system breakdowns, and minimize maintenance costs. Fault diagnosing methods for Brushless DC motors (BLDC) was presented in [12].The proposed control method eliminates the need for additional voltage sensors, has fast fault detection, and has a high level of robustness in the control system. Proposed in [13] is an open-circuit fault diagnosis method for the three-phase inverter connected to brushless motor.…”