Review of Major Learning Theories: A Mindtool for Understanding and Applying Theoretical Concepts

Abstract

Theoretical works base ideological concepts on human beings as recipients of learned behaviors. Psychoanalysis alone was frail in understanding and changing the individual perception and thought. Without the first theoretical frameworks of psychoanalysis and behaviorism, one would not be able to continue creating ways of intervention and empowerment. Researchers contend that this manifestation comes through desires or past experiences occurring from the social environment. Such analysis leads to further exploration in applying understanding of this conscious thought. Although behavior can sometimes be predicted based on attitudes expressed, opinions expressed do not always result in the expected behavior. Bourdieu's concept of habitus, field, and praxis work to increase understanding of social competence from a philosophical perspective. Theoretical review brings the issue of conformity, obedience, and social influence in retrospect with social competence through learning and relationships. Compliance entails a willingness or unwillingness to accept another's views, which requires the conscious choice in the decision-making practices extending to social influences, which are relative to learning behaviors. Ultimately, if one chooses disconformities, then exclusion is apparent. This review analysis shares the major elements of (a) communication, (b) interaction, (c) play, and (d) imagination as integral forces to the learning process and achieving success. The analysis further indicates that lack of achievement is evident when a child cannot successfully work through the four vital elements; learning is a necessary product for succeeding in social settings. This work explores learning process by examining three major learning theories (social learning, cognitive development, social development) and their tenets.