“…For example, fluid‐fluid interfacial area is a fundamental variable necessary to describe and quantify pore‐scale fluid configuration and flow in multiphase systems (e.g., Brusseau et al, ; Dalla et al, ; Gray & Hassanizadeh, ; Hassanizadeh & Gray, ; Joekar‐Niasar & Hassanizadeh, ; Reeves & Celia, ). In addition, adsorption at the air‐water interface can have a major impact on the retention of chemical contaminants and colloids for contaminant transport, water treatment, and subsurface remediation applications (e.g., Costanza & Brusseau, ; Fang et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zevi et al, ). The fluid‐fluid interface is also critical for mass and energy transfers, such as evaporation, volatilization, gas exchange, and heat flow.…”