Review of Intermediate Uveitis

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to highlight evidence about the medical and surgical management of intermediate uveitis (IU). Updated understandings of the immunopathology of IU were reviewed in this retrospective literature review. Literature selection for this review was based on the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine) and OVID database (Wolters Kluwer). Articles deemed relevant were selected and highlighted. Intermediate uveitis is most often a benign form of uveitis. Since intermediate uveitis has been described in association with different systemic disorders, the initial diagnostic evaluation should serve to exclude masquerade syndromes and infectious diseases in which immunosuppression may be ineffective or contraindicated. Although the pathogenesis of intermediate uveitis is not fully understood, identification of proinflammatory molecules involved in the IU has contributed to the development and implementation of new therapies. Studies about the use of various immunosuppressants, biological agents and surgical treatment on IU have provided more evidence for managing IU. Nevertheless, corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment. The treatment options of intermediate uveitis are evolving, with the development of various immunosuppressants and biological agents. The management of intermediate uveitis should be tailored individually, based on specific causes of the disease and associated complications.

Intermediate Uveitis Etiology, Complications, Treatment, and Outcomes in a Colombian Uveitis Referral Center

“…Similarly, other studies reported systemic corticosteroids to be the most common treatment, followed by oral immunosuppressive therapy. 6 , 15 , 16 , 21 , 35 Refractory cases can require biological therapy, 36 in our study it was used in three patients, and one of them had to change the biologic drug once.…”

Vessel density on optical coherence tomography angiography is prognostic for future disease course in intermediate uveitis

“…As with many rare diseases, there is a lack of sufficient evidence from controlled randomized clinical trials regarding the clinical management of intermediate uveitis 1 – 3 . Quantitative, reliable endpoints are an important prerequisite as they allow both evaluation of potential novel therapies for intermediate uveitis in future clinical trials and clinical management of patients.…”

Intermediate Uveitis

“…Intermediate uveitis is one of the principal anatomic subtypes of uveitis [1]. In its simplest terms, intermediate uveitis describes an inflammation of the vitreous cavity, pars plana, and peripheral retina with little involvement of the anterior segment or post-equatorial fundus with chorioretinal lesions [2]. There is an extensive literature spanning more than 60 years, which has been thoroughly reviewed in earlier editions of this chapter [3].…”

“…There is an extensive literature spanning more than 60 years, which has been thoroughly reviewed in earlier editions of this chapter [3]. Comprehensive reviews have been published in the peer-reviewed literature [2,4].…”