Review of insect pathogen risks for the black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) and guidelines for reliable production

Joosten, L.; Lecocq, Antoine; Jensen, Annette Bruun; Haenen, O.L.M.; Schmitt, Éric; Eilenberg, Jørgen

doi:10.1111/eea.12916

Cited by 63 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Immunological responses of larvae in form of antimicrobial peptides have been addressed ( Vogel et al, 2018 ). However, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) potentially endangering the uprising BSF industry – this includes fly populations as well as workplace safety – are due to be characterized ( Joosten et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

et al. 2021

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Canteens represent an essential food supply hub for educational institutions, companies, and business parks. Many people in these locations rely on a guaranteed service with consistent quality. It is an ongoing challenge to satisfy the demand for sufficient serving numbers, portion sizes, and menu variations to cover food intolerances and different palates of customers. However, overestimating this demand or fluctuating quality of dishes leads to an inevitable loss of unconsumed food due to leftovers. In this study, the food waste fraction of canteen leftovers was identified as an optimal diet for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae based on 50% higher consumption and 15% higher waste reduction indices compared with control chicken feed diet. Although the digestibility of food waste was nearly twice as high, the conversion efficiency of ingested and digested chicken feed remains unparalleled (17.9 ± 0.6 and 37.5 ± 0.9 in CFD and 7.9 ± 0.9 and 9.6 ± 1.0 in FWD, respectively). The oil separator waste fraction, however, inhibited biomass gain by at least 85% and ultimately led to a larval mortality of up to 96%. In addition to monitoring larval development, we characterized physicochemical properties of pre- and post-process food waste substrates. High-throughput amplicon sequencing identified Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota as the most abundant phyla, and Morganella, Acinetobacter, and certain Lactobacillales species were identified as indicator species. By using metagenome imputation, we additionally gained insights into the functional spectrum of gut microbial communities. We anticipate that the results will contribute to the development of decentralized waste-management sites that make use of larvae to process food waste as it has become common practice for biogas plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

et al. 2021

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“…The larval and pupal stages of the BSF can be used as a protein or an energy source in animal feed, especially for poultry and aquatic animals, as they contain beneficial nutrient profiles and have acceptable digestibility (Gasco et al, 2019;Sogari et al, 2019). Moreover, no zoonotic diseases or disease transmission vectoring has been documented for BSF (Joosten et al, 2020), nor an ability to concentrate toxins in their body mass (Wang & Shelomi, 2017), thus supporting food safety. Additionally, the biodiesel obtained from the BSF can serve as an energy source (Surendra et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenic development of the digestive enzymes and chemical composition of Hermetia illucens larvae of different ages

Intayung

Chundang

Srikachar

et al. 2021

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The production of the black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), has potential to promote sustainable food production, and is environmentally friendly through organic waste upcycling. The objective of this study was to determine the digestive enzyme activities and chemical composition of BSF larvae of 6, 12, and 18 days old at various substrate pH and temperature conditions during ontogenic development. Cellulase and chymotrypsin‐like protease (C) activities declined slightly with age, whereas a sharp increase in lipase activity was found with age. High levels of amylase, trypsin‐like protease (T), trehalase, and T/C ratio were present in 12‐day‐old BSF, with a gradual decrease in 18‐day‐old BSF. The highest crude protein and lipid levels were observed at 6 and 18 days of age, respectively. In conclusion, the activities of the various types of enzymes illustrate the polyphagous nature of BSF. Most of the digestive enzymes had high activity at an early age and then dropped at the end of the larval stage; however, the opposite trend was observed in lipase activity, with a high level of fat accumulation in the last stage of larval development.

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“…Crude waste can be fed directly to insects without pre-processing, refinement, and sterilization necessary for microbial fermentation 18,19 . Some insect species, such as Black soldier flies ( Hermetia illucens ), which are already used to manage waste have excellent tolerance to bacteria and fungi 20 and are easily separated from the organic waste for downstream processing 21 . Insect biotechnology is readily scalable for mass production, as the infrastructure can be relatively unsophisticated, and the installation costs and land use requirements are low 22 .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of industrial pollutants by insects expressing a fungal laccase

Clark

Tepper

Petroll

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Inadequate management of household and industrial wastes pose major challenges to human and environmental health. Advances in synthetic biology may help address these challenges by engineering biological systems to perform new functions such as biomanufacturing of high-value compounds from low-value waste streams and bioremediation of industrial pollutants. However, the current emphasis on microbial systems for biomanufacturing, which often require highly pre-processed inputs and sophisticated infrastructure, is not feasible for many waste streams. Meanwhile, concerns about transgene biocontainment have limited the release of engineered microbes or plants for bioremediation. Engineering animals may provide opportunities for utilizing various waste streams that are not suitable for microbial biomanufacturing while effective transgene biocontainment options should enable in situ bioremediation. Here, we engineer the model insect Drosophila melanogaster to express a functional laccase from the fungus Trametes trogii. Laccase expressing flies reduced bisphenol A by more than 50% when present in their growth media, while a lyophilized powder made from engineered adult flies degraded more than 90% of bisphenol A and indigo carmine in aqueous solutions. Our results demonstrate that transgenic animals may be used to bioremediate environmental contaminants in vivo and serve as novel production platforms for industrial enzymes. These results support further development of insects, and possibly other animals, as bioproduction platforms and their potential use in bioremediation.

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Review of insect pathogen risks for the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and guidelines for reliable production

Cited by 63 publications

References 101 publications

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

Ontogenic development of the digestive enzymes and chemical composition of Hermetia illucens larvae of different ages

Bioremediation of industrial pollutants by insects expressing a fungal laccase

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