Review of Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal, Neonatal Outcomes, and Placental Changes

Tanna, Resham; Dugarte, Henry J. Nava; Kurakula, Sowjanya; Muralidharan, Vandana; Das, Arghadip; Kanigalpula, Sri Padma Ravali; Mendez, Ileana Elita; Afaq, Munaza; Bassi, Radhika; Shah, Kinjal J.; Saddiq, Zainab

doi:10.7759/cureus.28631

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to human health ( 1 , 21 ). Previous evidence has revealed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including increased risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and stillbirth ( 3 , 22 – 24 ). A population-based study by Gurol-Urganci et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and infant outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 era in China: Lessons learned

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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AimsThe global COVID-19 pandemic has required a drastic transformation of prenatal care services. Whether the reformulation of the antenatal care systems affects maternal and infant outcomes remains unknown. Particularly, women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are among those who bear the greatest brunt. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown during late pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes in women stratified by the GDM status in China.Study designThe participants were women who experienced the COVID-19 lockdown during late pregnancy (3185 in the 2020 cohort) or not (2540 in the 2019 cohort) that were derived from the Beijing Birth Cohort Study. Maternal metabolic indicators, neonatal outcomes, and infant anthropometrics at 12 months of age were compared between the two cohorts, stratified by the GDM status.ResultsParticipants who experienced COVID-19 lockdown in late pregnancy showed lower gestational weight gain than those in the control cohort. Nevertheless, they displayed a worse metabolic profile. COVID-19 lockdown during pregnancy was associated with higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (β= 0.11, 95% CI = 0.05–0.16, q-value = 0.002) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C) level (β=–0.09, 95% CI = –0.14 to –0.04, q-value = 0.004) in women with GDM, adjusted for potential confounders. In normoglycemic women, COVID-19 lockdown in late pregnancy was associated with higher fasting glucose level (β= 0.10, 95% CI = 0.08–0.12, q-value <0.0001), lower HDL-C level (β=–0.07, 95% CI = –0.08 to –0.04, q-value <0.0001), and increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (adjusted OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.30–2.50, q-value=0.001). The fasting glucose level decreased less from early to late pregnancy in women who experienced COVID-19 lockdown than in the controls, regardless of the GDM status. The HDL-C has risen less with COVID-19 lockdown in the normoglycemic subgroup. In contrast, no significant differences regarding neonatal outcomes or infant weight were found between the two cohorts.ConclusionExperiencing the COVID-19 lockdown in pregnancy was associated with worse maternal metabolic status but similar neonatal outcomes and infant weight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and infant outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 era in China: Lessons learned

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding fetal outcomes, our data seem to be in contrast with the obstetric literature, since we found no correlation between maternal COVID-19 and adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes. Instead, in the general population, the infection appears to be associated with higher risk for severe neonatal mortality and morbidity, [17][18][19][20][21] including respiratory distress (OR = 1.66), low birth weight (OR = 1.69), stillbirth (OR = 1.46), and NICU admission (OR = 2.12). 8 To explain this difference, as speculated in other studies assessing COVID-19 outcomes in pregnant patients with MS, 9,22 we can hypothesize a role of the more intensive specialized care received by MS pregnant patients, considered and treated as "high-risk" pregnancies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and fetal outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis

Aprea,

Schiavetti,

Portaccio

et al. 2024

Mult Scler

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Background: In the general population, maternal COVID-19 is associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes. Two previous studies have assessed COVID-19 clinical outcomes in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are no data about maternal and fetal outcomes. Objectives: In this multicenter study, we aimed to assess maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with MS and COVID-19 infection. Methods: We recruited pregnant patients with MS who contracted COVID-19 and were followed up in Italian and Turkish Centers, during 2020–2022. A control group was extracted from a previous Italian cohort. Associations between group (COVID-19 or healthy patients) and clinical outcomes (maternal complications, fetal malformations, and spontaneous abortion) were investigated with a weighted logistic regression where propensity score–based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach was applied for adjusting for difference in baseline confounders. Results: In the multivariable analysis, COVID-19 during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of maternal complications (odd ratio (OR) = 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32–3.48; p = 0.002), while it was not associated with higher risk of spontaneous abortion and fetal malformations. Conclusion: Our data indicate that COVID-19 during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal complications, while it seems to have no significant impact on fetal outcomes.

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“…A higher risk of adverse outcomes in pregnant women with either Plasmodium spp. [ 23 ] or SARS-CoV-2 [ 24 , 25 ] have been reported, but not so much for co-infected pregnant women, including co-infection with P. vivax [ 7 , 15 ] and Plasmodium ovale [ 6 ]. No similar reports for P. falciparum co-infection were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Venezuelan pregnant women: a case series

Carrión‐Nessi

Mendoza-Millán

Omaña‐Ávila

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background Malaria‐endemic areas are not spared from the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to co-infection scenarios where overlapping symptoms impose serious diagnostic challenges. Current knowledge on Plasmodium spp. and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co‐infection in pregnant women remains limited, especially in Latin America, where Plasmodium vivax infection is highly prevalent. Methods This is a case series of five pregnant women with P. vivax and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection hospitalized in two main malaria referral centers of the Capital District and Bolivar state, Venezuela between March 13, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Results Clinical and laboratory data from five pregnant women with a mean age of 22 years were analyzed; three of them were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Comorbidities included obesity in two cases, hypertension in one, and asthma in one. Three out of five patients had severe to critical COVID-19 disease. Dry cough, fever, chills, and headache were the most frequent symptoms reported. Laboratory analyses showed elevated aspartate/alanine aminotransferase and creatinine levels, thrombocytopenia, and severe anemia as the most relevant abnormalities. The mean period between symptom onset and a positive molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 infection or positive microscopy for Plasmodium spp. was 4.8 ± 2.5 days and 2.8 ± 1.6 days, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 5.4 ± 7 days. Three women recovered and were discharged from the hospital. Two women died, one from cerebral malaria and one from respiratory failure. Three adverse fetal outcomes were registered, two miscarriages and one stillbirth. Conclusion This study documented a predominance of severe/critical COVID-19 disease and a high proportion of adverse maternal–fetal outcomes among pregnant women with malaria and COVID-19 co-infection. More comprehensive prospective cohort studies are warranted to explore the risk factors, management challenges, and clinical outcomes of pregnant women with this co-infection.

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Review of Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal, Neonatal Outcomes, and Placental Changes

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

Maternal and infant outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 era in China: Lessons learned

Maternal and infant outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 era in China: Lessons learned

Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and fetal outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis

Plasmodium vivax and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Venezuelan pregnant women: a case series

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