Review of hybrid electric powered aircraft, its conceptual design and energy management methodologies

Xie, Ye; Savvarisal, Al; Tsourdos, Antonios; Zhang, Dan; Gu, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.cja.2020.07.017

Cited by 125 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Equations ( 12) and (13) show the partial pressures of oxygen and hydrogen. Equation (15) gives cell open circuit voltage. In the case of lack of oxygen inside the cell, Nernst voltage is given by Equation (16).…”

Section: Fuel Cell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hybrid systems need energy management to increase total system efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and maintain the performance and lifetime of each component [13]. There are many studies in the literature on energy management of hybrid systems formed by internal combustion engines and electric motors [14,15]. However, there is limited study on the energy management of fully electrical systems in aircraft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Active Energy Management Based on Meta-Heuristic Algorithms of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Energy Storage System for Aircraft

Çınar

Kandemir

2021

Aerospace

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This paper presents the application of an active energy management strategy to a hybrid system consisting of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), battery, and supercapacitor. The purpose of energy management is to control the battery and supercapacitor states of charge (SOCs) as well as minimizing hydrogen consumption. Energy management should be applied to hybrid systems created in this way to increase efficiency and control working conditions. In this study, optimization of an existing model in the literature with different meta-heuristic methods was further examined and results similar to those in the literature were obtained. Ant lion optimizer (ALO), moth-flame optimization (MFO), dragonfly algorithm (DA), sine cosine algorithm (SCA), multi-verse optimizer (MVO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) meta-heuristic algorithms were applied to control the flow of power between sources. The optimization methods were compared in terms of hydrogen consumption and calculation time. Simulation studies were conducted in Matlab/Simulink R2020b (academic license). The contribution of the study is that the optimization methods of ant lion algorithm, moth-flame algorithm, and sine cosine algorithm were applied to this system for the first time. It was concluded that the most effective method in terms of hydrogen consumption and computational burden was the sine cosine algorithm. In addition, the sine cosine algorithm provided better results than similar meta-heuristic algorithms in the literature in terms of hydrogen consumption. At the same time, meta-heuristic optimization algorithms and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) and classical proportional integral (PI) control strategy were compared as a benchmark study as done in the literature, and it was concluded that meta-heuristic algorithms were more effective in terms of hydrogen consumption and computational time.

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Section: Fuel Cell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Energy Management Based on Meta-Heuristic Algorithms of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Energy Storage System for Aircraft

Çınar

Kandemir

2021

Aerospace

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“…In the field of electric power generation, different types of integrated starter/generators (S/G) have been investigated [14,15]. In the field of propulsion, various architectures have been proposed-all-electric [16,17], where only electrical power is used for propulsion; hybrid electric [18], where both electrical power and combustion (fuel) power are used; and turboelectric [19][20][21], which is similar to hybrid propulsion concept without batteries. These new concepts enable, by implementing electric "traction" motors, a total change in aircraft design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives and Development of Electrical Systems in More Electric Aircraft

Arabul

Kurt

Arabul

et al. 2021

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

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On-board electrical systems are the key components of each modern aircraft. They enable its safer, more comfortable, and environmentally friendlier operation. The strict regulations to reduce pollution and noise are produced by aircraft eventuated in projects like Clean Sky or ICAO Global Coalition for Sustainable Aviation. One solution to environmentally friendlier operation is the full electric propulsion of the aircraft, which enables the reduction of both noise and pollution. Such a concept requires a total change of all on-board power systems and enables the profound change in aircraft design. This paper presents the evolution of aircraft power systems into the so-called more electric aircraft (MEA) and discusses the state-of-the-art electrical systems. Furthermore, the concept of all-electric aircraft (AEA) is presented here.

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“…Hybrid and pure electric driving solutions have been applied in the automotive industry for many years and great success has been gained in the ground vehicle, recently these environmentally friendly solutions are being exploited for unmanned aerial vehicles and general aviation aircraft, and some research results about electric and hybrid power unit power demand estimation, reduction of required power, and battery sizes have been obtained [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Moreover, before the energy density of storage system can be increased greatly, the hybrid power unit (HPU) is the most excellent solution and it has more advantages in the endurance mileage because of the combined utilization of engine and energy storage system compared with pure electric power systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Prediction‐Based Model Predictive Control for Energy Management in Land and Air Vehicle with Turboshaft Engine

Wei

Chen

et al. 2021

Complexity

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In recent years, the green aviation technology draws more attention, and more hybrid power units have been applied to the aerial vehicles. To achieve the high performance and long lifetime of components during varied working conditions, the effective regulation of the energy management is necessary for the vehicles with hybrid power unit (HPU). In this paper, power prediction-based model predictive control (P2MPC) for energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed for the vehicle equipped with HPU based on turboshaft engine in order to maintain proper battery’s state of charge (SOC) and decrease turboshaft engine’s exhaust gas temperature (EGT). First, a modeling approach based on data-driven method is adopted to obtain the mathematical model of turboshaft engine considering time delay and inertial of states. An integrated power predictor consisting of the classification of input status and the subpredictors are developed based on the deep learning method to improve the accuracy of the prediction model of the model predictive control (MPC). Subsequently, an EMS based on MPC using the proposed power predictor is introduced to regulate the SOC of battery and the EGT of turboshaft engine. The comparison with experimental results shows the high accuracy of mathematical model of turboshaft engine. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed EMS for the vehicle, and the effects of different weight coefficients of objective function on the proposed EMS are discussed.

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Review of hybrid electric powered aircraft, its conceptual design and energy management methodologies

Cited by 125 publications

References 67 publications

Active Energy Management Based on Meta-Heuristic Algorithms of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Energy Storage System for Aircraft

Active Energy Management Based on Meta-Heuristic Algorithms of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Energy Storage System for Aircraft

Perspectives and Development of Electrical Systems in More Electric Aircraft

Power Prediction‐Based Model Predictive Control for Energy Management in Land and Air Vehicle with Turboshaft Engine

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