Review of human pegivirus: Prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical implication

Plasma Virome Reveals Blooms and Transmission of Anellovirus in Intravenous Drug Users with HIV-1, HCV, and/or HBV Infections

“…Only one healthy individual and five neg-IDUs were also positive for pegivirus. The detection rate of HPgV was well consistent with its prevalence in these populations ( 42 ). We previously reported significantly negative correlations of HPgV abundance with HIV-1 and anellovirus abundance in men who have sex with men (MSM) ( 30 ), while the correlations were not found in IDUs ( P = 0.53 and 0.76) (Fig.…”

“…Pegivirus belongs to Flaviridae . Human pegivirus (HPgV) has high prevalence in HIV-1 and HCV infected individual, and shows a beneficial effect on HIV-1 infection ( 42 ). In this study, HPgV was detected in 37 individuals, and most of these individuals were IDUs with HIV-1, HCV and/or HBV infections (Fig.…”

“…Even though no pathogenicity of HPgV is established, growing lines of evidences confirmed its high prevalence in persons with blood-borne or sexually transmitted infections. However, a lot of previous studies indicated a beneficial effect of HPgV during HIV-1 infection ( 42 , 59 ). Whether the coinfections of HPgV with other viruses would impact the health outcome needs further investigation.…”

Human Pegivirus Type 1: A Common Human Virus That Is Beneficial in Immune-Mediated Disease?

“…Based on E2 antibody and viremia prevalence studies, HPgV-1 is extremely common ( 12 , 17 , 21 , 76 , 84 , 85 ). Viremia prevalence among healthy blood donors in developed countries ranges from 1.8% to 6% and E2 antibody prevalence ranges from 10 to 15% ( 7 , 29 , 67 , 84 , 86 – 89 ). The prevalence of infection in developed countries is estimated to be as high as 20% based on viremia and antibody determination, and infection is two to five times more frequent in developing countries and in individuals with other sexually transmitted or bloodborne infections ( 7 , 29 , 67 , 84 , 86 – 89 ).…”

“…Viremia prevalence among healthy blood donors in developed countries ranges from 1.8% to 6% and E2 antibody prevalence ranges from 10 to 15% ( 7 , 29 , 67 , 84 , 86 – 89 ). The prevalence of infection in developed countries is estimated to be as high as 20% based on viremia and antibody determination, and infection is two to five times more frequent in developing countries and in individuals with other sexually transmitted or bloodborne infections ( 7 , 29 , 67 , 84 , 86 – 89 ). Since antibodies are lost in some individuals over time, prevalence estimates based on viremia and antibody detection likely represent an underestimate of true infection rates.…”