Review of Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Haque, Mohammad Israrul; Ahmad, Tauseef; Imran, Mohd

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5523-2_22

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Depending on the design constraints for the network structure, other routing protocols can be adopted, such as data centric routing (flat), clustering-based routing (hierarchical) and location-based (geographic) routing [ 122 ]. Location-based routing protocols, also known as geographic routing protocols, use the information about the physical location of nodes provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS) [ 123 ] or some other localization techniques [ 72 ].…”

Section: Energy Saving On Network Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

Kanoun

Bradai

Khriji

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Nowadays, wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in several sectors including industry, transportation, environment and medicine. This trend is reinforced by the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in almost all sectors. Autonomous energy supply is thereby an essential aspect as it decides the flexible positioning and easy maintenance, which are decisive for the acceptance of this technology, its wide use and sustainability. Significant improvements made in the last years have shown interesting possibilities for realizing energy-aware wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) by designing manifold and highly efficient energy converters and reducing energy consumption of hardware, software and communication protocols. Using only a few of these techniques or focusing on only one aspect is not sufficient to realize practicable and market relevant solutions. This paper therefore provides a comprehensive review on system design for battery-free and energy-aware WSN, making use of ambient energy or wireless energy transmission. It addresses energy supply strategies and gives a deep insight in energy management methods as well as possibilities for energy saving on node and network level. The aim therefore is to provide deep insight into system design and increase awareness of suitable techniques for realizing battery-free and energy-aware wireless sensor nodes.

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Section: Energy Saving On Network Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

Kanoun

Bradai

Khriji

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…To guarantee the energy balance in the network, the proposed algorithm selects CH according to the current energy. In every epoch, each node computes its current energy applying the (5). This node can participate in the CH role if its current energy is superior to the average current energy.…”

Section: Set-up Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] then dispatch the collected data back to the BS. In WSN, the positions of the nodes are not predetermined, which allows an autonomous organization of the network [5,6]. As shown in Figure 1 WSN includes sensor nodes distributed randomly, a BS receives all data that was collected from the environment, and the user that gathered data through the internet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An enhanced energy-efﬁcient routing protocol for wireless sensor network

Daanoune¹,

Baghdad²,

Ballouk³

2020

IJECE

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Recent few years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been an increasingly important technology that has been applied in almost all domains, even in complex environments where human activity is impossible. In WSN, various factors are impacted energy consumption, such as communication protocols, packet data transmission, and limited battery. So, the lifespan of the WSNs is limited. In this context, energy efficiency is the factor most attracted by many researchers. In this paper, we proposed a new improved LEACH routing protocol. This proposed protocol based on the current energy to select cluster-heads, and it uses a root cluster-head with more current energy and low distance to the sink to gather all data, then sends it to the sink. The simulation results in MATLAB confirmed that the proposed algorithm performed better than the conventional LEACH protocol, and increased the network lifetime in WSN.

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“…This grouping process is represented by topologies with two or more jumps to a BS node. Some of the most representative algorithms are LEACH [ 10 ], LEACH variations [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clustering WSN Routing Protocol Based on k-d Tree Algorithm

Anzola

Pascual

Bermúdez

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Clustering in wireless sensor networks has been widely discussed in the literature as a strategy to reduce power consumption. However, aspects such as cluster formation and cluster head (CH) node assignment strategies have a significant impact on quality of service, as energy savings imply restrictions in application usage and data traffic within the network. Regarding the first aspect, this article proposes a hierarchical routing protocol based on the k-d tree algorithm, taking a partition data structure of the space to organize nodes into clusters. For the second aspect, we propose a reactive mechanism for the formation of CH nodes, with the purpose of improving delay, jitter, and throughput, in contrast with the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy/hierarchy-centralized protocol and validating the results through simulation.

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Review of Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review

An enhanced energy-efﬁcient routing protocol for wireless sensor network

A Clustering WSN Routing Protocol Based on k-d Tree Algorithm

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