Review of heterogeneous methanol carbonylation to acetyl species

Selective Methanol Carbonylation to Acetic Acid on Heterogeneous Atomically Dispersed ReO4/SiO2 Catalysts

“…Supported transition metal heterogeneous catalysts have shown promise for methanol carbonylation. , However, most processes still rely on halide additives, and/or the reported reactivity, selectivity, or stability is lower than existing homogeneous processes. , For example, atomically dispersed iridium (Ir) on active carbon (AC) was shown to have comparable reactivity and selectivity to that of the analogous homogeneous catalyst, but its rapid deactivation precludes industrial viability. , Co-deposition of lanthanum (La) resulted in a 3-fold increase in reactivity compared to Ir/AC with an acetyl selectivity of 99% that remained stable for more than 1 month. , Analogously, atomically dispersed rhodium (Rh) on porous organic polymers (POPs) has also shown good performance for methanol carbonylation, with catalyst stability for 400 h on stream. − These heterogeneous catalytic processes still use halides and water, which minimizes the potential benefit over the already commercialized homogeneous processes.…”

“…Supported transition metal heterogeneous catalysts have shown promise for methanol carbonylation. 2,6 However, most processes still rely on halide additives, and/or the reported reactivity, selectivity, or stability is lower than existing homogeneous processes. 7,8 For example, atomically dispersed iridium (Ir) on active carbon (AC) was shown to have comparable reactivity and selectivity to that of the analogous homogeneous catalyst, but its rapid deactivation precludes industrial viability.…”

Heterogenisation of a carbonylation catalyst on dispersible microporous polymer nanoparticles

“…17,18 Another approach to minimise problems with solubility at low water concentration is to heterogenise the catalyst by immobilisation on a solid support. 5,16,19 A range of support materials that bind the Rh catalyst directly through a covalent interaction have been investigated, including inorganic oxides, 20,21 zeolites, [22][23][24][25] polymers, [26][27][28][29][30][31] carbon 32 and covalent triazine frameworks. 33 Many of these systems exhibit reaction rates slower than that of the homogeneous process, likely due, in part, to the covalent tethering of the catalyst, which modifies the first coordination sphere of the Rh complex.…”

Defective Ni3S2 nanowires as highly active electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidative upgrading

“…The first production route for acetic acid was aerobic fermentation of ethanol with acetic acid bacteria [14,15]. But nowadays, most of the acetic acid was produced from the methanol carbonylation process using precious-metal-based catalysts (e.g., Ir and Rh) under high temperature and high pressure [16][17][18]. The electrochemical process provides a milder condition to convert ethanol to acetic acid, coupled with hydrogen production.…”