Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Catalytically Upgrading Vegetable Oils into Hydrocarbon Biofuels

Zhao, Xianhui; Wei, Lin; Cheng, Shouyun; Julson, James

doi:10.3390/catal7030083

Cited by 91 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the selected catalyst to be used in the simulation consists of a combination of 2 zeolite additives, ZSM-5 and Y-zeolite (XP8500G), which are known to enhance the yield of light oil products, thus increasing the effectiveness of the bio-oil upgrading catalytic process. 14,[22][23][24] The FCC unit is set up in Aspen Hysys according to Chang et al, 25 following the configuration in Figure 1 and making use of the technical information, key design parameters, and procedures available from these authors as a reference. The reactor operating pressure is fixed at 3 bar, similar to that used in previous works.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation analysis of the catalytic cracking process of biomass pyrolysis oil with mixed catalysts: Optimization using the simplex lattice design

et al. 2018

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Summary Bio‐oil produced via fast pyrolysis of biomass usually has various undesired properties that can negatively affect its use. Therefore, raw bio‐oil needs first to undergo an upgrading stage before it is further used. This paper deals with the study of bio‐oil upgrading by means of catalytic cracking with a Y‐zeolite/ZSM‐5 catalyst, as well as the optimization of the process operating conditions. Several case studies are selected by using the simplex lattice design of experiments, and these are simulated under a range of conditions to study the effect of the key process parameters on the bio‐oil conversion. The simulation results show that the catalyst‐to‐oil ratio is the most influential parameter. An analysis of the obtained data indicates that a Y‐zeolite/ZSM‐5 catalyst blend with 15.6 to 19.0%wt of Y‐zeolite, a catalyst‐to‐oil ratio in the range of 4.9 to 6.1, a riser height of 24.6 to 30.0 m (residence time ~ 6 s), and a reactor temperature of 350 to 385°C are the preferred conditions that maximize the product conversion, which take values up to 78.5% in the simulations. A comparison against previous experimental results confirms that the value of the ratio between catalyst and bio‐oil is a critical design parameter and highlights that the optimum values of the Y‐zeolite content and the reactor temperature calculated from the simulation data are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. The simulation analysis conducted in this study is a suitable tool to investigate the catalytic cracking process for bio‐oil upgrading.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation analysis of the catalytic cracking process of biomass pyrolysis oil with mixed catalysts: Optimization using the simplex lattice design

et al. 2018

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“…Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fatty acid‐based feedstocks (vegetable oils, animal fats, tall oils, waste cooking oils, etc.) is considered to be a versatile and effective way for producing normal alkanes – valuable components of diesel fuels . HDO of fatty acid‐based feedstocks is carried out at ca 250–350 °C and 3–7 MPa .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is considered to be a versatile and effective way for producing normal alkanes -valuable components of diesel fuels. [4][5][6][7] HDO of fatty acid-based feedstocks is carried out at ca 250-350 ∘ C and 3-7 MPa. 8 Oxygen can be removed in the form of CO (decarbonylation), CO 2 (decarboxylation) or H 2 O (direct HDO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation over silica‐supported nickel phosphide catalysts in flow reactor: experimental and kinetic study

Shamanaev

Deliy

Aleksandrov

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND The search for alternative sources of fuels is crucial for sustainable development now and in the near future. Biomass attracts much attention as an environmentally friendly, green and CO2‐neutral source of fuels. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fatty acid‐based feedstocks such as nonedible vegetable oil, waste cooking oil and animal fat is a versatile technology for producing efficient fuels. HDO schemes are often contradictory and have different numbers of stages. In the work reported, a highly active nickel phosphide catalyst was obtained and methyl palmitate (MP) HDO kinetic modelling was carried out to elucidate the HDO reaction scheme. RESULTS The effect of reduction temperature (400–600 °C) on the catalytic properties of the catalyst in MP HDO was evaluated and the most active catalyst (after reduction at 450 °C) was used in the kinetic experiments. The experimental data were collected in a wide range of MP conversion. The reaction scheme of MP HDO was elucidated by means of mathematical modelling which was specified by successive consideration of the experimental results of HDO selectivities at low MP conversions (1–10%), additional experiments of alcohol HDO (dodecanol‐1 as an analogue for hexadecanol‐1) and analysis of gas‐phase products. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with the results obtained, both hydrolysis of MP and hydrogenolysis of C&bond;OCH3 bond should be considered for describing the conversion of MP to intermediate compounds. This finding could explain the synergetic effect of acid and metal centres, which has been reported in the literature on aliphatic ester HDO, and justify the higher activity of bifunctional catalysts in this reaction. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…In order to follow the EU dictates, several studies in this topic are involved in the valorization of biowaste as starting materials for the production of new value-added products, such as fine chemicals [15][16][17], polymeric (mostly bioplastics) and composite materials [4,[18][19][20][21], carbonaceous materials and biochars [22][23][24][25], biofuels, and/or biogas [26][27][28][29][30]. In this context, composting consists of an (an)aerobic biological process for decomposing the organic fraction into a more stabilized material with different properties that depend on the initial composition [11] and composting methodologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Characterization, and Environmental Application of Bio-Based Materials as Auxiliaries in Photocatalytic Processes

et al. 2018

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Sustainable alternative substrates for advanced applications represent an increasing field of research that attracts the attention of worldwide experts (in accordance with green chemistry principles). In this context, bio-based substances (BBS) isolated from urban composted biowaste were purified and characterized. Additionally, these materials were tested as auxiliaries in advanced oxidizing photocatalytic processes for the abatement of organic contaminants in aqueous medium. Results highlighted the capability of these substances to enhance efficiency in water remediation treatments under mild conditions, favoring the entire light-driven photocatalytic process.

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Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Catalytically Upgrading Vegetable Oils into Hydrocarbon Biofuels

Cited by 91 publications

References 151 publications

Simulation analysis of the catalytic cracking process of biomass pyrolysis oil with mixed catalysts: Optimization using the simplex lattice design

Simulation analysis of the catalytic cracking process of biomass pyrolysis oil with mixed catalysts: Optimization using the simplex lattice design

Methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation over silica‐supported nickel phosphide catalysts in flow reactor: experimental and kinetic study

Isolation, Characterization, and Environmental Application of Bio-Based Materials as Auxiliaries in Photocatalytic Processes

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