Review of Hepatitis B Therapeutics

Abstract

There are currently seven approved therapies for chronic hepatitis B infection, an increase from just three agents five years ago. This review will focus on the pharmacology, potency, and adverse events associated with immunomodulatory agents and nucleos(t)ide analogs, with an emphasis on targets of therapy within the hepatitis B lifecycle. We will also offer guidelines for the use of available anti-HBV agents and review the emerging challenges in hepatitis B management, including HBV drug resistance, its management, and the potential role of combination therapy.

HBV/HIV co-infection: The dynamics of HBV in South African patients with AIDS

“…As a result, the use of tenofovir and lamivudine/emtricitabine is recommended as part of a HAART regimen for HBV/HIV co-infected patients. 20 Isolated anti-HBc is commonly associated with occult HBV infection. Mphahlele et al 11 reported an occult HBV prevalence of 33.3% in South Africans infected with HIV who had an 'anti-HBc only' serological picture.…”

CD4 Recovery and Survival among Adults Co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis B or C Virus, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

“…Our findings might reflect the real status among HIV infected adults on ART during the 2006-2010 study period as AIDS-related death still remained the leading cause of death among HIV infected patients. A review of 5612 HIV infected patients on ART over a period of 71 months in India reported that the majority of deaths (67%) were due to AIDS-related causes [17].…”

“…Antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) might initially suppress HBV, but HBV resistance can develop [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Additionally, immune reconstitution with ARV agents that suppress HIV replication can complicate HIV management by activating viral hepatitis (hepatic flare) in the absence of adequate HBV or HCV suppression [15].…”

New Anti-HBV C-Boivinopyranosyl Flavones from Alternanthera philoxeroides

“…The current treatment strategies involving vaccines, interferons and nucleosides are unsatisfactory due to drug-resistance and adverse side effects [1][2][3].…”

“…In this paper, two new 6-C-boivinopyranosyl flavones together with three known analogues were isolated from Alternanthera philoxeroides (Figure 1), and their anti-HBV activities were evaluated toward HepG2 2.2.15 cells. 1 H-NMR showed an 6, 3′ (or 6, 4′) disubstituted luteolin structure (Table 1). According to the HMQC and HMBC spectra, the NMR chemical shifts of the carbons signals could be assigned unambiguously.…”