Review of helium cooling for fusion reactor applications

Baxi, C.B.; Wong, C.P.C.

doi:10.1016/s0920-3796(00)00336-7

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Extended surfaces increase the effective HTC by the following mechanisms: a reduced flow area in- creases the flow velocity, the hydraulic diameter is smaller, and finally the heat transfer area is increased; extended surfaces be provided by pin fins, by 2D or 3D surface roughness, or by using ribs. Table 1 gives a general idea about how various heat transfer enhancement methods contribute to an increase in HTC and in the friction factor (FF) over a smooth tube [14]. 2D and 3D roughness increases the HTC by breaking the laminar boundary layer near the wall [14].…”

Section: Helium Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 gives a general idea about how various heat transfer enhancement methods contribute to an increase in HTC and in the friction factor (FF) over a smooth tube [14]. 2D and 3D roughness increases the HTC by breaking the laminar boundary layer near the wall [14]. A swirl rod insert (SRI) uses a rod with fins in place of a twisted tape.…”

Section: Helium Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Cooling Schemes for High Heat Flux Components Cooling in Fusion Reactors

Domalapally

Entler

2015

Acta Polytech

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Section: Helium Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Helium Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cooling Schemes for High Heat Flux Components Cooling in Fusion Reactors

Domalapally

Entler

2015

Acta Polytech

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“…Thus, if a certain liquid metal (or its alloys) with a low melting point is adopted as a cooling fluid, a much higher cooling capacity than that of traditional fluids can be obtained [15]. Starting from this basic point, Liu and Zhou [14] proposed for the first time the use of liquid metals or their alloys as cooling fluids for the thermal management of computer chips in 2002. Similarly, liquid metals are also a potential candidate coolant for nextgeneration coolants in general industrial heat exchangers because of their favorable properties, such as high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, low vapor pressure, low dissolution in water, high boiling point above 2200°C, and true single-phase liquid cooling.…”

Section: Limitations Of Water-based Heat Exchangersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a new area in the IT industry has emerged since Liu and Zhou [14] proposed the use of liquid metals or their alloys as cooling fluids for the thermal management of computer chips. A number of works have been conducted, promising the exciting future of this thermal management frontier [15,16,94,95].…”

Section: Potential Application Of Liquid Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to date, few data on liquid metals are available. We only have a rather limited practical experience in the fields of nuclear [12][13][14] and IT [11,15,16] concerning liquid metal applications. Liquid metals are expected to be useful in a wide range of areas, especially in those areas where water resources are limited, such as in the desert-based petroleum industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revolutionizing heat transport enhancement with liquid metals: Proposal of a new industry of water-free heat exchangers

Jing

2011

Front. Energy

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Water is perhaps the most widely adopted working fluid in conventional industrial heat transport engineering. However, it may no longer be the best option today due to the increasing scarcity of water resources. Furthermore, the wide variations in water supply throughout the year and across different geographic regions also makes it harder to easily access. To address this issue, finding new alternatives to replace water-based technologies is imperative. In this paper, the concept of a water-free heat exchanger is proposed and comprehensively analyzed for the first time. The liquid metal with a low melting point is identified as an ideal fluid that can flexibly be used within a wide range of working temperatures. Some liquid metals and their alloys, which have previously received little attention in thermal management areas, are evaluated. With superior thermal conductivity, electromagnetic field drivability, and extremely low power consumption, liquid metal coolants promise many opportunities for revolutionizing modern heat transport processes: serving as heat transport fluid in industries, administrating thermal management in power and energy systems, and innovating enhanced cooling in electronic or optical devices. Furthermore, comparative analyses are conducted to understand the technical barriers encountered by advanced water-based heat transfer strategies and clarify this new frontier in heat-transport study. In addition, the unique merits of liquid metals that could lead to innovative heat exchanger technologies are evaluated comprehensively. A few promising industrial situations, such as heat recovery, chip cooling, thermoelectricity generation, and military applications, where liquid metals could play irreplaceable roles, were outlined. The technical challenges and scientific issues thus raised are summarized. With their evident ability to meet various critical requirements in modern advanced energy and power industries, liquid metal-enabled technologies are expected to usher a new and global era of water-free heat exchangers.

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