Review of Heating Methods for Rural Houses in China

Zheng, Guozhong; Bu, Wentao

doi:10.3390/en11123402

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This phenomenon may be attributed to the relatively stronger adaptability of the North China region to cold temperatures, while also indicating the presence of imbalanced development in climate adaptability across different regions (Anderson and Bell 2009, Ng et al 2014, Jingesi et al 2023. People in North China exhibit the habit of heating in winter (Zheng and Bu 2018), which causes exposure misclassification and increases the uncertainty in relative risk identification. Meanwhile, the sample size was relatively small when constructing the exposure relationship with county data, which further led to a wider confidence interval in the exposure curve.…”

Section: Impact Of Socio-economic Factors On the Exposure-response Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of socio-economic factors in shaping the temperature-mortality exposure-response relationship in China

Shang,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Non-optimal temperatures significantly influence public health. However, the role of socio-economic factors in modulating health risks associated with non-optimal temperatures varies geographically and among different populations. Thus, the meteorological, air quality, health data, and socio-economic indicators were obtained from 23 districts in North and 48 districts in East China, respectively. Employing a two-stage meta-analysis, the exposure-response relationship was constructed for temperature against mortality from non-accidental causes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and respiratory illnesses. Furthermore, a non-linear spline regression was applied to assess the impact of socio-economic indicators on the exposure-response relationship and predicted future risks under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. The results revealed that the influence of socio-economic factors on the exposure-response curve showed heterogeneity in East China and North China. In North China, the shape of the exposure-response curve changed greatly under different socio-economic levels, while it remained similar in East China. In East China, the relative risk of heat and cold exposure was reduced in regions with high GDP, high levels of public finance, good medical services, and a low proportion of the elderly population. Specifically, the risk of non-accidental deaths due to heat shows a nearly linear negative correlation with per capita GDP in East China, with a decrease of the relative risk by 0.075 for every 10 thousand yuan increase in per capita GDP. Future projections indicate that population aging plays a decisive role in shaping the exposure-response curves. Although economic growth can reduce the risk of heat-related mortality, the combined effect of population aging and economic increase results in steeper exposure-response curves in both hot and cold temperature ranges in the future. In conclusion, although spatial variations in relative risk changes still exist, enhancing the adaptive capacity of populations can mitigate health risks associated with future climate change.

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Section: Impact Of Socio-economic Factors On the Exposure-response Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of socio-economic factors in shaping the temperature-mortality exposure-response relationship in China

Shang,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…There is a big gap between the income of Chinese rural residents and urban residents [10], and the living service facilities of rural residents are far behind those of urban residents [11]. Some studies have pointed out that the high initial cost is the main factor affecting the indoor thermal environment of vernacular dwellings [12]. The construction cost of vernacular dwellings is usually lower than that of urban dwellings, which leads to poor air tightness and thermal insulation of the envelope of vernacular dwellings [13] [14], resulting in an uncomfortable indoor thermal environment [15][16] [17].…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Study on Thermal Comfort Status of Vernacular Dwellings in Cold Regions of China, Taking Linyi as An Example

Duan

Zhang

Jiao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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With the deepening of Chinese rural revitalization in recent years, residents' requirements for indoor thermal environment are increasing. It is widely agreed that the indoor thermal environment of vernacular dwellings in cold areas of China is poor in winter, which seriously affects the thermal comfort and health status of residents. Therefore, in light of indoor thermal comfort improvement, this paper first measured the indoor thermal environment of vernacular dwellings in Linyi City, and found that the indoor thermal environment in winter is very bad, and the indoor thermal environment in summer is relatively comfortable. Secondly, by conducting a thermal sensory investigation, we found that the local residents' adaptability to the local cold climate in winter is greater than that to the hot and humid climate in summer. In addition, to identify residents’ comfort range, we established a scatter plot of the relationship between the ambient temperature and the residents' thermal sensory, which show that the residents' comfort range of 23.3℃~30.0℃ in summer and 11.25℃~17.5℃ in winter. This study compares the current indoor thermal environment of vernacular dwellings with the thermal comfort range of residents from the perspective of users, which can be used as a guide and hopefully these results can provide data support for the future indoor thermal comfort improvement in rural vernacular dwellings in Chinese cold rural areas.

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“…The straw is commonly used for heating and cooking in rural houses of NEC. It could substitute fossil fuel and off-set CO 2 emissions, but it also generates indoor air pollution and jeopardizes people's health [65]. Thus, it is important to develop more efficient utilization ways with less air pollution, such as improving the heat efficiency of biomass combustion systems in rural households, utilizing straw as raw material for power generation, etc.…”

Section: Limitations and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Nitrogen and Residue Management to Reduce GHG Emissions while Maintaining Crop Yield: A Case Study in a Mono-Cropping System of Northeast China

Luo

Wang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers and returning straw to field are being promoted in northeast China (NEC). In this paper, the agricultural production system model (APSIM) was applied to assess the long-term variations of crop yield and soil GHG emissions in a maize mono-cropping system of NEC, and the simulation results were combined with lifecycle assessment to estimate annual GHG emissions (GHG L ) and GHG emission intensity (GHG I , GHG emissions per unit yield) of different agricultural practices. Under current farmers' practice, emissions due to machinery input (including production, transportation, repair, and maintenance) and soil organic carbon (SOC) decline accounted for 15% of GHG L , while emissions from nitrogen fertilizer input (production and transportation) and direct N 2 O emissions from soil accounted for the majority (~60% of GHG L ). Current farmers' practice in terms of N application and residue management are nearly optimal for crop production but not for climate change mitigation. Reducing N input by 13% and increasing straw retention by 20% can maintain crop yield and SOC, and also reduce GHG L and GHG I by 13% and 11%, respectively. However, it is not feasible to incorporate the straw used as household fuel into soil, which could incur substantial fossil CO 2 emissions of 3.98 Mg CO 2 -eq ha −1 resulting from the substitution of coal for straw. APSIM was successful in simulating crop yield, N 2 O emissions, and SOC change in NEC, and our results highlight opportunities to further optimize management strategies (especially for the nitrogen and straw management) to reduce GHG emissions while maintaining crop yield.

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Review of Heating Methods for Rural Houses in China

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

Assessing the role of socio-economic factors in shaping the temperature-mortality exposure-response relationship in China

Assessing the role of socio-economic factors in shaping the temperature-mortality exposure-response relationship in China

A Field Study on Thermal Comfort Status of Vernacular Dwellings in Cold Regions of China, Taking Linyi as An Example

Optimizing Nitrogen and Residue Management to Reduce GHG Emissions while Maintaining Crop Yield: A Case Study in a Mono-Cropping System of Northeast China

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