Review of Hardware Platforms for Real-Time Simulation of Electric Machines

Mojlish, Sameer; Erdoğan, Nuh; Levine, David; Davoudi, Ali

doi:10.1109/tte.2017.2656141

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…There are a lot of numerical integration algorithms to solve these ODEs, such as analytical solution, fourth‐order Runge–Kutta algorithm (RK4), Euler algorithm, Adams‐Bashforth and Adams‐Moulton method . However, the methods of approximately discrete solution for continuous ODEs are mainly RK4 algorithm and Euler algorithm

({, \begin{matrix} \frac{italicdy}{italicdt} = f (t_{i}, y_{i}) \\ y_{0} = y (t_{0}) \end{matrix} i = 0, 1, \dots, n),

({, \begin{matrix} y_{i + 1} = y_{i} + h \times f (t_{i}, y_{i}) \\ y_{0} = y (t_{0}) \end{matrix} i = 0, 1, \dots, n) .

…”

Section: Parallel Computing Strategy Of Modular Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation, as a type of real‐time simulation, offers a realistic environment and progressively is becoming the preferable, economical, and time‐saving alternative for testing . It is especially beneficial when real systems are not fully built or when devices are likely to be damaged in real systems under risky test conditions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HIL simulation, CPUs and field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide main hardware platforms that used for real‐time simulation of power electronic systems . FPGA has excellent parallel processing capabilities and very low I/O latency, which make it suitable for real‐time simulation of high frequency power electronic systems . However, its main disadvantages are the programming difficulty and limited hardware resources, which make it difficult to emulate very large‐scale power electronic systems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FPGA has excellent parallel processing capabilities and very low I/O latency, which make it suitable for real‐time simulation of high frequency power electronic systems . However, its main disadvantages are the programming difficulty and limited hardware resources, which make it difficult to emulate very large‐scale power electronic systems . CPU is less complicated in programming, but its large latency becomes a limiting factor for real‐time simulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its main disadvantages are the programming difficulty and limited hardware resources, which make it difficult to emulate very large‐scale power electronic systems . CPU is less complicated in programming, but its large latency becomes a limiting factor for real‐time simulation . As mentioned in Herrera et al, the minimum time step of typical CPU‐based simulation is 10 μs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A parallel modular computing approach to real‐time simulation of multiple fuel cells hybrid power system

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary In this paper, a Hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation method for multiple fuel cells hybrid power system based on field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) + CPU architecture is presented. This paper is aiming to propose a parallel modular computing strategy in FPGA, which is used to reduce the programming difficulty and single‐step simulation time. In this strategy, different modules are modeled inside FPGA separately and are connected together to achieve the desired circuit by an interactive connection module. In this way, complex programming is not required when building a system. It only needs a combination of different modules, just like building blocks or modeling in Simulink. This strategy can reduce the programming difficulty greatly when developing complex models in FPGA. Furthermore, it is highly parallelizable to achieve a single‐step simulation time of 0.1 μs in FPGA. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the HIL simulation platform has the advantages of high speed, high precision, low cost, and easy to popularize.

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