Review of Gyromagnetic Ratio Experiments

Scott, G. G.

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.34.102

Cited by 128 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Einstein-de Haas effect refers to the magneto-mechanical effect, required by the conservation of angular momentum, where a reversal of a magnetic moment of a sample by an applied magnetic field has to be accompanied by a corresponding change in mechanical angular momentum of that sample (interesting historical perspective on the Einstein-de Haas effect is given in Chapter 2 of Reference 45). This physical principle has been experimentally confirmed on both the macroscopic46 and microscopic samples47 , and recently on the molecular scale as well48 . Here, I numerically evaluate the mechanical and thermal consequences of the Einstein-de Haas effect on the iron-loaded ferritin protein and therefore on the mechano-sensitive and thermo-sensitive ion channels in magnetogenetics.…”

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confidence: 63%

Possible Magneto-Mechanical and Magneto-Thermal Mechanisms of Ion Channel Activation by Iron-Loaded Ferritin in Magnetogenetics

Barbic

2019

Preprint

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The palette of tools for stimulation and regulation of neural activity is continually expanding.One of the new methods being introduced is magnetogenetics, where mechano-sensitive and thermo-sensitive ion channels are genetically engineered to be closely coupled to the ironstorage protein ferritin. Such genetic constructs could provide a powerful new way of noninvasively activating ion channels in-vivo using external magnetic fields that easily penetrate biological tissue. Initial reports that introduced this new technology have sparked a vigorous debate on the plausibility of physical mechanisms of ion channel activation by means of external magnetic fields. I argue that the initial criticisms leveled against magnetogenetics as being physically implausible were possibly based on the overly simplistic and unnecessarily pessimistic assumptions about the magnetic spin configurations of iron in ferritin protein. Additionally, all the possible magnetic-field-based mechanisms of ion channel activation in magnetogenetics might not have been fully considered. I present and propose several new magneto-mechanical and magneto-thermal mechanisms of ion channel activation by iron-loaded ferritin protein that may elucidate and clarify some of the mysteries that presently challenge our understanding of the reported biological experiments. Finally, I present some additional puzzles that will require further theoretical and experimental investigation.Corresponding

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confidence: 63%

Possible Magneto-Mechanical and Magneto-Thermal Mechanisms of Ion Channel Activation by Iron-Loaded Ferritin in Magnetogenetics

Barbic

2019

Preprint

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“…4 Many other methods have been used to measure small torques, but to measure torques on a macroscopic object the torsion pendulum remains the most sensitive device. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The basis of a torsion pendulum is a thin suspension wire or strip. As the torsional stiffness K is proportional to the fourth power of the diameter of a wire, a thin wire can have a very low torsional constant.…”

Section: Torsion Pendulummentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring orbital angular momentum of light with a torsion pendulum

Beijersbergen

Woerdman

2005

SPIE Proceedings

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We report experiments aimed at measuring the orbital angular momentum of light by means of a torsion pendulum, in the spirit of the classical spin angular momentum experiment by Beth (1936) but using present-day technology. Although our set-up has adequate sensitivity and resolution to measure orbital angular momentum of light, the systematic errors that are caused by the inherent asymmetry in the conversion of orbital angular moment remain a problem.

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“…Measurements of the spectroscopic splitting factor g and the magnetomechanical ratio g', (Scott 1962) which are related by g' = g/(g -1) (Van Vleck 1950), determine the ratio of orbital to spin angular momentum We shall assume that this ratio has the same value in the liquid state as in the solid.…”

Section: Orbital Polarisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ion Confinement Time in RIKEN 18 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) under Pulsed Mode Operation

Nakagawa

Miyazawa

Hemmi

et al. 1996

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The contribution of exchange scattering to the Hall effect of liquid Fe, CO and Ni is evaluated Two models of the electronic states are examined: the local magnetic order model (Korenman, Murray and Prange), and the paramagnetic model. Although the effect of exchange scattering is an order of magnitude larger than that of spin-orbit scattering it is still an order of magnitude too small to account for the Hall effect in Fe and Co.

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Review of Gyromagnetic Ratio Experiments

Cited by 128 publications

References 41 publications

Possible Magneto-Mechanical and Magneto-Thermal Mechanisms of Ion Channel Activation by Iron-Loaded Ferritin in Magnetogenetics

Possible Magneto-Mechanical and Magneto-Thermal Mechanisms of Ion Channel Activation by Iron-Loaded Ferritin in Magnetogenetics

Measuring orbital angular momentum of light with a torsion pendulum

Determination of Ion Confinement Time in RIKEN 18 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) under Pulsed Mode Operation

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