Review of genetic diversity in malaria vectors (Culicidae: Anophelinae)

Loaiza, José R.; Bermingham, Eldredge; Sanjur, Oris I.; Scott, Marilyn; Bickersmith, Sara A.; Conn, Jan E.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.08.004

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…These results may imply that An. albimanus exhibits plasticity to successfully colonize novel environments, as suggested for other species (Fierst, 2011; Loaiza et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Geometric morphometric analysis of Colombian Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) reveals significant effect of environmental factors on wing traits and presence of a metapopulation

et al. 2014

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Anopheles albimanus is a major malaria mosquito vector in Colombia. In the present study, wing variability (size and shape) in An. albimanus populations from Colombian Maracaibo and Chocó bio-geographical eco-regions and the relationship of these phenotypic traits with environmental factors were evaluated. Microsatellite and morphometric data facilitated a comparison of the genetic and phenetic structure of this species. Wing size was influenced by elevation and relative humidity, whereas wing shape was affected by these two variables and also by rainfall, latitude, temperature and eco-region. Significant differences in mean shape between populations and eco-regions were detected, but they were smaller than those at the intra-population level. Correct assignment based on wing shape was low at the population level (<58%) and only slightly higher (>70%) at the eco-regional level, supporting the low population structure inferred from microsatellite data. Wing size was similar among populations with no significant differences between eco-regions. Population relationships in the genetic tree did not agree with those from the morphometric data; however, both datasets consistently reinforced a panmictic population of An. albimanus. Overall, site-specific population differentiation is not strongly supported by wing traits or genotypic data. We hypothesize that the metapopulation structure of An. albimanus throughout these Colombian eco-regions is favoring plasticity in wing traits, a relevant characteristic of species living under variable environmental conditions and colonizing new habitats.

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“…These results may imply that An. albimanus exhibits plasticity to successfully colonize novel environments, as suggested for other species (Fierst, 2011; Loaiza et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Geometric morphometric analysis of Colombian Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) reveals significant effect of environmental factors on wing traits and presence of a metapopulation

et al. 2014

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“…There have been no published population-based studies of mtDNA in An. cruzii [60]. The large quantity of haplotypes found in micro-environmental comparisons may reflect the proximity to the centre of origin of this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitudinal population structure and microevolution of the malaria vector Anopheles cruzii (Diptera: Culicidae)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn Brazil, the autochthonous transmission of extra-Amazonian malaria occurs mainly in areas of the southeastern coastal Atlantic Forest, where Anopheles cruzii is the primary vector. In these locations, the population density of the mosquito varies with altitude (5–263 m above sea level), prompting us to hypothesise that gene flow is also unevenly distributed. Describing the micro-geographical and temporal biological variability of this species may be a key to understanding the dispersion of malaria in the region. We explored the homogeneity of the An. cruzii population across its altitudinal range of distribution using wing shape and mtDNA gene analysis. We also assessed the stability of wing geometry over time.MethodsLarvae were sampled from lowland (5–20 m) and hilltop (81–263 m) areas in a primary Atlantic Forest region, in the municipality of Cananéia (State of São Paulo, Brazil). The right wings of males and females were analysed by standard geometric morphometrics. Eighteen landmarks were digitised for each individual and a discriminant analysis was used to compare samples from the hilltop and lowland. A 400-bp DNA fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (CO-I) was PCR-amplified and sequenced.ResultsWing shapes were distinct between lowland and hilltop population samples. Results of cross-validated tests based on Mahalanobis distances showed that the individuals from both micro-environments were correctly reclassified in a range of 54–96%. The wings of hilltop individuals were larger. The CO-I gene was highly polymorphic (haplotypic diversity = 0.98) and altitudinally structured (Фst = 0.085 and Jaccard = 0.033). We found 60 different haplotypes but only two were shared by the lowland and hilltop populations. Wing shape changed over the brief study period (2009–2013).ConclusionsWing geometry and CO-I gene analysis indicated that An. cruzii is vertically structured. Wing shape varied rapidly, but altitude structure was maintained. Future investigations should identify the biotic/abiotic causes of these patterns and their implications in the local epidemiology of malaria.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0581-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The lack of comparability of results from both laboratory and especially field studies is in part a result of limited information in this area. The genus Anopheles is composed of 465 formally recognized species and more than 50 unnamed species 15 ; of these,~70 have the capacity to transmit human malaria parasites; 41 are considered to be dominant vector species/species complexes that are capable of transmission at a level of major public health concern. Most vectors are morphologically indistinguishable members of recently evolved species complexes.…”

Section: Priorities and Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Needs for Monitoring Mosquito Transmission of Malaria in a Pre-Elimination World

James

Takken

Collins

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. As global efforts to eliminate malaria intensify, accurate information on vector populations and transmission dynamics is critical for directing control efforts, developing new control tools, and predicting the effects of these interventions under various conditions. Currently available sampling tools for mosquito population monitoring suffer from well-recognized limitations. As reported in this workshop summary, a recent gathering of medical entomologists, modelers, and malaria experts reviewed these issues and agreed that efforts are needed to improve methods to monitor key transmission parameters. Identified needs include standardized methods for sampling of both mosquito adults and larvae, improved tools for mosquito species identification and age-grading, and a better means for determining the entomological inoculation rate.

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Review of genetic diversity in malaria vectors (Culicidae: Anophelinae)

Cited by 42 publications

References 141 publications

Geometric morphometric analysis of Colombian Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) reveals significant effect of environmental factors on wing traits and presence of a metapopulation

Geometric morphometric analysis of Colombian Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) reveals significant effect of environmental factors on wing traits and presence of a metapopulation

Altitudinal population structure and microevolution of the malaria vector Anopheles cruzii (Diptera: Culicidae)

Needs for Monitoring Mosquito Transmission of Malaria in a Pre-Elimination World

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