Review of functional titanium oxides. I: TiO2 and its modifications

Rahimi, Nazanin; Pax, R. A.; Gray, Evan

doi:10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2016.07.002

Cited by 290 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…However, TiO 2 has several limitations as a photocatalyst; the rapid recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons in the nanosecond scale inhibits the required consecutive reactions of the charge carriers on surface. In addition, the anatase energy band gap E bg~3 .2 eV corresponds to UV light, which rules out visible (VIS) light photoexcitation [5][6][7][8]. The attempts to overcome these limits are concentrated mainly on the preparation of new types of TiO 2 nanostructures by controlling the morphology of pristine TiO 2 , by non-metal and metal doping or surface modification using noble metals [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPR Investigations of G-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 nanopowders prepared by the annealing of melamine and TiO 2 P25 at 550 • C were investigated under dark and upon UV or visible-light photoactivation using X-and Q-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectra of powders monitored at room temperature and 100 K showed the impact of the initial loading ratio of melamine/TiO 2 on the character of paramagnetic centers observed. For the photocatalysts synthesized using a lower titania content, the paramagnetic signals characteristic for the g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 nanocomposites were already found before exposure. The samples annealed using the higher TiO 2 loading revealed the photoinduced generation of paramagnetic nitrogen bulk centers (g-tensor components g 1 = 2.005, g 2 = 2.004, g 3 = 2.003 and hyperfine couplings from the nitrogen A 1 = 0.23 mT, A 2 = 0.44 mT, A 3 = 3.23 mT) typical for N-doped TiO 2 . The ability of photocatalysts to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon in situ UV or visible-light photoexcitation was tested in water or dimethyl sulfoxide by EPR spin trapping using 5,5-dimethyl 1-pyrroline N-oxide. The results obtained reflect the differences in photocatalyst nanostructures caused by the differing initial ratio of melamine/TiO 2 ; the photocatalyst prepared by the high-temperature treatment of melamine/TiO 2 wt. ratio of 1:3 revealed an adequate photoactivity in both spectral regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPR Investigations of G-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is an important material used across many scientific and industrial sectors with applications ranging from cosmetics and plastics to water purification and energy storage. [1][2][3] TiO 2 is widely regarded as an ideal functional material because of its low cost, high chemical stability, and safety in terms of both human and environmental impact. TiO 2 is also an important material for a variety of sensor, optoelectrical, nuclear waste, and absorption applications, during which the material will be exposed to irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intermediate energy heavy‐ion irradiation on the microstructure of rutile TiO₂ single crystal

Smith

Savva

et al. 2018

J Am Ceram Soc

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This study reports the microstructure evolution of single crystal rutile TiO2 under 3 MeV Nb+ ion irradiation, with the irradiating ions incident on the {100} plane. A complex, multi‐layered microstructure evolution is observed with 4 distinct regions: (i) short‐range disorder in the first 60 nm below the specimen surface, (ii) dislocation loops oriented parallel to the incident ion beam direction, located along the increasing slope of the irradiation damage profile at ~60‐650 nm from the surface, (iii) loops oriented perpendicular to the incident ion beam direction, at depths encompassing the ion implantation and irradiation damage peaks ~650‐1250 nm, and (iv) a high density of nano‐scale atomic rearrangements with long‐range order, located at depths ~1250‐1750 nm. These results present evidence that multiple defect mechanisms occur during irradiation including ion channeling, nuclear stopping, and electronic stopping interactions as a function of depth and disorder accumulation.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Nanostructuring of TiO 2 has been especially useful for photoelectrochemical applications due to substantially increasing the surface-to-volume ratio and therefore attaining a higher number of reaction sites, together with decoupling the light absorption and charge carrier separation pathways. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Nanostructuring of TiO 2 has been especially useful for photoelectrochemical applications due to substantially increasing the surface-to-volume ratio and therefore attaining a higher number of reaction sites, together with decoupling the light absorption and charge carrier separation pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous‐Alumina‐Assisted Growth of Nanostructured Anodic Films on Ti−Nb Alloys

et al. 2018

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Porous-anodic-alumina (PAA)-assisted anodizing is employed, for the first time, for growing arrays of oxide nanocolumns on TiÀNb alloy films with up to 58 at% Nb. Beyond about 24 at% Nb in the alloy, the system allows for high formation potentials of 250-420 V, giving columns that are 500-700 nm long, which are 100 % stable during the PAA etch. The stability worsens when lowering the Nb content in the alloy, owing to contamination of the column roots by alumina, which arises from the amorphous-to-crystalline transition of the anodic oxide, oxygen evolution, formation of O 2 -filled nanobubbles within the roots, and development of bigger voids. The voids force the roots to regrow and spread laterally along with anodizing the surrounding Al residues, which increases alumina content in the titania-based nanoroots. The incorporation of sufficient amounts of Nb 2 O 5 in the anodic TiO 2 hinders oxide crystallization and lowers alumina content in the roots, which stabilizes the columns. The two oxides are distributed uniformly along the columns, indicating comparable migration rates of Ti 4 + and Nb 5 + ions in the mixed anodic oxide. This uniform distribution, combined with possibly mixing the oxides at atomic level, is expected to narrow the band gap of the material, which is of vast importance for solar energy conversion applications.[a] Dr.

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Review of functional titanium oxides. I: TiO2 and its modifications

Cited by 290 publications

References 158 publications

EPR Investigations of G-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites

EPR Investigations of G-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites

Effects of intermediate energy heavy‐ion irradiation on the microstructure of rutile TiO₂ single crystal

Porous‐Alumina‐Assisted Growth of Nanostructured Anodic Films on Ti−Nb Alloys

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Review of functional titanium oxides. I: TiO2 and its modifications

Cited by 290 publications

References 158 publications

EPR Investigations of G-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites

EPR Investigations of G-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites

Effects of intermediate energy heavy‐ion irradiation on the microstructure of rutile TiO2 single crystal

Porous‐Alumina‐Assisted Growth of Nanostructured Anodic Films on Ti−Nb Alloys

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Product

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Effects of intermediate energy heavy‐ion irradiation on the microstructure of rutile TiO₂ single crystal