Review of foam fractionation as a water treatment technology

Buckley, Thomas; Xu, Xiaoyong; Rudolph, Victor; Firouzi, Mahshid; Shukla, Pradeep

doi:10.1080/01496395.2021.1946698

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…Even commercially available batch foam fractionation processes have a lower removal of short-chain PFAS in comparison to long-chain PFAS. 36 , 47…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 36 , 40 , 41 However, its applicability is not limited to leachate water but extends to PFAS-contaminated groundwater, process water, and wastewater. 33 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 42 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process can be carried out in both batch and continuous operation. In continuous operation, stripping mode refers to operation with the liquid feed stream located above the liquid surface, whereas the feed enters below the foam/water interface in enriching mode. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leachate water is a particularly complex matrix to treat, requiring extensive pretreatment before conventional PFAS treatment, such as GAC, ion exchange, or membrane filtration, can be applied successfully . These matrix effects are less problematic in the case of foam fractionation due to a beneficial effect of high ionic strength on the process performance and no risks of clogging or fouling of filter or membrane materials. ,, Hence, foam fractionation has received increasing attention as a successful technology for PFAS removal from landfill leachate. ,, However, its applicability is not limited to leachate water but extends to PFAS-contaminated groundwater, process water, and wastewater. ,,,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Smith

Wiberg

McCleaf³

et al. 2022

ACS EST Water

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern for their ubiquity in the environment combined with their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties. Landfill leachate is often contaminated with these chemicals, and therefore, the development of cost-efficient water treatment technologies is urgently needed. The present study investigated the applicability of a pilot-scale foam fractionation setup for the removal of PFAS from natural landfill leachate in a novel continuous operating mode. A benchmark batch test was also performed to compare treatment efficiency. The ΣPFAS removal efficiency plateaued around 60% and was shown to decrease for the investigated process variables air flow rate ( Q air ), collected foam fraction (% foam ) and contact time in the column ( t c ). For individual long-chain PFAS, removal efficiencies above 90% were obtained, whereas the removal for certain short-chain PFAS was low (<30%). Differences in treatment efficiency between enriching mode versus stripping mode as well as between continuous versus batch mode were negligible. Taken together, these findings suggest that continuous foam fractionation is a highly applicable treatment technology for PFAS contaminated water. Coupling the proposed cost- and energy-efficient foam fractionation pretreatment to an energy-intensive degradative technology for the concentrated foam establishes a promising strategy for on-site PFAS remediation.

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“…Even commercially available batch foam fractionation processes have a lower removal of short-chain PFAS in comparison to long-chain PFAS. 36 , 47…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 36 , 40 , 41 However, its applicability is not limited to leachate water but extends to PFAS-contaminated groundwater, process water, and wastewater. 33 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 42 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Smith

Wiberg

McCleaf³

et al. 2022

ACS EST Water

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“…The knowledge of interfacial dynamic properties of surfactant-adsorbed layers in the presence of inorganic electrolytes is essential for many industries dealing with foaming, emulsification and coating, such as pharmaceuticals [1], mining [2][3][4], environmental remediation [5,6], food [7,8] and biology [9,10], enhanced oil recovery [11] and gas well deliquification [12][13][14][15]. The stability of foam/emulsion is strongly influenced by surface properties of gas-fluid interfaces containing adsorbed surface-active compounds such as surfactants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Divalent and Monovalent Salts on Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Solutions

Amani

Firouzi

2022

Colloids and Interfaces

Self Cite

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This study presents the equilibrium surface tension (ST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the dilational viscoelasticity of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)-adsorbed layers in the presence of NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 at 0.001–0.1 M salt concentration. The ST and surface dilational viscoelasticity were determined using bubble-shape analysis technique. To capture the complete profile of dilational viscoelastic properties of SDBS-adsorbed layers, experiments were conducted within a wide range of SDBS concentrations at a fixed oscillating frequency of 0.01 Hz. Salts were found to lower the ST and induce micellar formation at all concentrations. However, the addition of salts increased dilational viscoelastic modulus only at a certain range of SDBS concentration (below 0.01–0.02 mM SDBS). Above this concentration range, salts decreased dilational viscoelasticity due to the domination of the induced molecular exchange dampening the ST gradient. The dilational viscoelasticity of the salts of interest were in the order CaCl2 > MgCl2 > KCl > NaCl > LiCl. The charge density of ions was found as the corresponding factor for the higher impact of divalent ions compared to monovalent ions, while the impact of monovalent ions was assigned to the degree of matching in water affinities, and thereby the tendency for ion-pairing between SDBS head groups and monovalent ions.

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foam and dewatering streams at wastewater treatment plants

et al. 2023

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The occurrence of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is well recognized. While several studies have examined the occurrence of PFAS in WWTPs, studies assessing the extent to which unit processes impact PFAS phase distribution are relatively lacking. Herein, PFAS enrichment in foams generated during aeration and PFAS accumulation in solids dewatering streams were evaluated in WWTPs. Results of this screening‐level study showed that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were enriched up to three orders of magnitude in foams relative to the aqueous phase. Similarly, total PFAS concentrations in solids dewatering streams were enriched up to 380 times relative to the aqueous influent. The PFAS mass in the dewatering stream was a significant component of the overall PFAS mass exiting the WWTP at one of the facilities examined. Results of this study suggest that there is potential to mitigate PFAS by improved management of these foams and dewatering waste streams.

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Review of foam fractionation as a water treatment technology

Cited by 54 publications

References 171 publications

Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Effect of Divalent and Monovalent Salts on Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Solutions

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foam and dewatering streams at wastewater treatment plants

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