Review of environmental exposure concentrations of chemical warfare agent residues and associated the fish community risk following the construction and completion of the Nord Stream gas pipeline between Russia and Germany

Sanderson, Hans; Fauser, Patrik; Rahbek, Malene Louise; Larsen, Jørn Bo

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.073

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to the explosion and security risk, these munitions contain cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic chemicals associated with conventional explosives, chemical warfare agents, and munition structural components (Tornero and Hanke, 2016;Sanderson et al, 2017). There is growing interest in remediating undersea munitions due to the hazards related to dredging (Greene et al, 2009) and increasing development of offshore infrastructure associated with aquaculture, wind farms, cables, and oil or gas pipelines (Edwards, 1995;Bohne, 2012;Sanderson et al, 2014;Appleyard, 2015;Sanderson and Fauser, 2015), as well as increasing ship traffic in general. Prolonged exposure to seawater may in fact increase the sensitivity of explosive material to detonation, due to deterioration of stabilizing components, recrystallization, or reactions with e.g., corroded metal housings to form sensitive secondary compounds such as metal picrates (Pfeiffer, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coastal marine environments are contaminated globally with a vast quantity of unexploded ordnance and munitions from intentional disposal. These munitions contain organic explosive compounds as well as a variety of metals, and represent point sources of chemical pollution to marine waters. Most underwater munitions originate from World Wars at the beginning of the twentieth century, and metal munitions housings have been impacted by extensive corrosion over the course of the following decades. As a result, the risk of munitions-related contaminant release to the water column is increasing. The behavior of munitions compounds is well-characterized in terrestrial systems and groundwater, but is only poorly understood in marine systems. Organic explosive compounds, primarily nitroaromatics and nitramines, can be degraded or transformed by a variety of biotic and abiotic mechanisms. These reaction products exhibit a range in biogeochemical characteristics such as sorption by particles and sediments, and variable environmental behavior as a result. The reaction products often exhibit increased toxicity to biological receptors and geochemical controls like sorption can limit this exposure. Environmental samples typically show low concentrations of munitions compounds in water and sediments (on the order of ng/L and µg/kg, respectively), and ecological risk appears generally low. Nonetheless, recent work demonstrates the possibility of sub-lethal genetic and metabolic effects. This review evaluates the state of knowledge on the occurrence, fate, and effect of munition-related chemical contaminants in the marine environment. There remain a number of knowledge gaps that limit our understanding of munitions-related contaminant spread and effect, and the need for additional work is made all the more urgent by increasing risk of release to the environment.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Iznimno je aktualna tema zagađenje Baltičkog mora uslijed takvog odnosa u zbrinjavanju bojnih otrova. [10][11][12][13]…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Suvremena sredstva za dekontaminaciju bojnih otrova

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Suvremena sredstva za dekontaminaciju bojnih otrova moraju biti djelotvorna i ekološki prihvatljiva. Iz tih razloga novija znanstvena istraživanja usmjerena su na ispitivanje djelotvornosti metalnih oksida, prirodnih i sintetskih zeolita te metal-organskih mreža u dekontaminaciji bojnih otrova i drugih toksičnih spojeva poput organofosfornih pesticida. Iako su prvotna istraživanja zeolita kao dekontaminanata bila usmjerena na istraživanje sintetskih zeolita, u posljednje vrijeme sve interesantniji su i prirodni zeoliti, u prvom redu klinoptilolit. Pokazalo se da metal-organske mreže na bazi cirkonija mogu uspješno razgraditi kemijske ratne agense i njihove simulante te da spadaju među najbrže katalizatore za hidrolizu živčanih bojnih otrova. Razvoj suvremenih materijala nije usmjeren samo na istraživanje dekontaminacijskih svojstava nego i u svrhu zaštitnih premaza i slojeva koji mogu imati i samo-dekontaminacijski učinak.

show abstract

“…1). The explosions took place near a known Second World War-era chemical weapons dumpsite, where 11.000 tons of chemical warfare agents (CWA) were sea-dumped in 1947, causing environmental concerns in regard to CWA release [2,3,4]. Three species of marine mammals are found near the explosion sites: Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina) and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of sabotage of the Nord Stream pipelines

Sanderson

Czub

Koschinski³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Armed conflicts have, in addition to severe impacts on human lives and infrastructure, also impacts on the environment, which needs to be assessed and documented. On September the 26th 2022, unknown perpetrators deliberately ruptured the two gas pipelines Nord Stream 1 and 2 with four coordinated explosions near a major chemical munition dump site near the Danish island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. While the massive release of natural gas into atmosphere raised serious concerns for climate, this paper assesses the overlooked direct impact of this sabotage on marine ecosystem. Seals and porpoises within a radius of four km would be at high risk of being killed by the shockwave, while temporary impact on hearing would be expected up to 50 km away. As the Baltic Proper population of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) is critically endangered, the loss or serious injury of even a single individual is considered a significant impact on the population. The rupture resulted in the resuspension of 250.000 metric tons of heavily contaminated sediment from deep-sea sedimentary basin for over a week, resulting in unacceptable risks towards fish and other biota in 11 km3 water for more than a month.

show abstract

Review of environmental exposure concentrations of chemical warfare agent residues and associated the fish community risk following the construction and completion of the Nord Stream gas pipeline between Russia and Germany

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

Spread, Behavior, and Ecosystem Consequences of Conventional Munitions Compounds in Coastal Marine Waters

Suvremena sredstva za dekontaminaciju bojnih otrova

Environmental impact of sabotage of the Nord Stream pipelines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About