Review of Drug Interference With Urine Glucose Tests

Abstract

Many drugs have been reported to interfere with copper-reduction or glucose oxidase tests used to measure urine glucose. However, only a few drugs or drug classes have been well documented to clinically interfere with these tests. The interfering drugs include ascorbic acid, beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins and penicillins), levodopa, and salicylates. Several other drugs may also interfere with certain urine glucose tests, but the interactions are poorly documented. These drugs include chloral hydrate, hyaluronidase, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, p-aminosalicylic acid, phenazopyridine, probenecid, and X-ray contrast media. Drugs or their metabolites that are strong reducing substances produce false-positive results by the copper-reduction method and false-negative results by the glucose oxidase method. The beta-lactam antibiotics interfere with copper-reduction tests by producing copper compounds of various colors that confuse interpretation of test results. Tables are provided that summarize the drug interferences discussed.

Reusable, Robust, and Accurate Laser-Generated Photonic Nanosensor

“…Conversely, a low concentration of urine glucose may be found in urinary tract infections due to the bacterial metabolism of glucose . Existing colorimetric and electrochemical tests are based on the glucose oxidase reaction. , However, their performance in detecting undiagnosed diabetes is limited due to low sensitivity (i.e., correctly identified patients with disease), which ranges from 21 to 64%. − False negative readings occur due to high detection limits and interference from medications (see Supporting Information Table S1). , While low-sensitivity tests may be useful, false negatives can lead to a false sense of safety among users, and more critically delay correct diagnosis and early treatment. , …”

“…27−30 False negative readings occur due to high detection limits and interference from medications (see Supporting Information Table S1). 31,32 While low-sensitivity tests may be useful, 33 false negatives can lead to a false sense of safety among users, and more critically delay correct diagnosis and early treatment. 30,34 The fine changes in the lattice spacing through the matrix− analyte interaction provide a highly sensitive wavelength filter for glucose or other analyte sensing.…”

Can we contribute to the diagnosis of diabetes and regulation of blood glucose by increasing the urologists’ awareness of glucosuria?

“…In addition, a patient having taken vitamin C or acetylsalicylic acid within 24 h prior to this test may provide erroneous results in the detection of glucosuria in urine. 27 Since our study was retrospective, we were not able to eliminate this possibility.…”

Graphene/polyaniline/gold nanoparticles nanocomposite for the direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase and glucose biosensing

“…The results demonstrate that the proposed biosensor has high selectivity for glucose in the presence of those endogenously coexisted electroactive substances[46].…”