Review of Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Panama, with key to the Central American species

Abstract

Sixty-four species of Dissomphalus from Panama are recognized, 31 are described and illustrated as new to science: D. abarus sp. nov., D. afestus sp. nov., D. arbeius sp. nov., D. ardonius sp. nov., D. areius sp. nov., D. aretisus sp. nov., D. arteobius sp. nov., D. arteus sp. nov., D. asfartus sp. nov., D. asitius sp. nov., D. azagus sp. nov., D. borus sp. nov., D. citus sp. nov., D. ettus sp. nov., D. geortus sp. nov., D. ibocius sp. nov., D. ibrastus sp. nov., D. ilarius sp. nov., D. iozus sp. nov., D. isortus sp. nov., D. isteus sp. nov., D. racarus sp. nov., D. raziogus sp. nov., D. sartus sp. nov., D. teobus sp. nov., D. teraus sp. nov., D. terbius sp. nov., D. tisinus sp. nov., D. trisus sp. nov., D. urazius sp. nov. and D. ubracus sp. nov.. Eight species are registered for the first time from Panama: D. angulatus Azevedo, D. galeatus Alencar & Azevedo, D. infissus Evans, D. persontaus Redighieri & Azevedo, D. pilus Alencar & Azevedo, D. politus Ashmead, D. pronus Alencar & Azevedo and D. vallensis Evans. Eighteen species had their known distribution broadened in the country: D. bilobatus Azevedo, D. brasiliensis Kieffer, D. cervoides Azevedo, D. coronatus Alencar & Azevedo, D. culteratus Alencar & Azevedo, D. curvifoveatus Azevedo, D. dilatatus Azevedo, D. geniculatus Azevedo, D. gilvipes Evans, D. guttus Azevedo, D. intradentatus Azevedo, D. piscicercus Azevedo, D. plaumanni Evans, D. punctatus (Kieffer), D. rettenmeyeri Evans, D. rufipalpis Kieffer, D. strepsus Azevedo and D. unitus Azevedo. Seven species previously recorded from Panama were not found in the studied material: D. altivolans Evans, D. apertus Kieffer, Alencar & Azevedo, D. declinatus Alencar & Azevedo, D. latus Azevedo, D. ramosus Alencar & Azevedo, D. strabus Azevedo and D. subdeformis Azevedo. A key to species of Dissomphalus from Central America is provided.

Species-group organization of the Pan-American Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

“…This contribution is fully based on the original descriptions, further information and redescriptions of all species recorded from the Pan-Americas, their type series and any other voucher found in Alencar & Azevedo (2006, 2008, Ashmead (1893Ashmead ( , 1894, Azevedo (1999aAzevedo ( , b, c, 2000Azevedo ( , 2001Azevedo ( , 2003, Azevedo et al (2016Azevedo et al ( , 2018a, Brito & Azevedo (2017), Bruch (1916), Colombo & Azevedo (2016) Colombo et al (2018), Evans (1955Evans ( [1954Evans ( ], 1962Evans ( , 1963Evans ( , 1964Evans ( , 1966Evans ( , 1969Evans ( , 1978Evans ( , 1979, Kieffer (1904Kieffer ( , 1906Kieffer ( [1905Kieffer ( ], 1908Kieffer ( , 1910aKieffer ( , b, 1911Kieffer ( , 1914a, Ogloblin (1930), Redighieri & Azevedo (2004, 2006, Snelling (1996), Vargas & Terayama (2002), Wasmann (1899), Westwood (1839). The dichotomous keys were drawn up by juxtaposition to identify the species-group, according to their most important characters.…”

DNA barcoding and hypopygium shape support delimitation of sympatric Dissomphalus species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest

“…In the Neotropical region, almost 270 species of Dissomphalus were organized into 32 species -groups defined mostly based on the morphological variation of the tergal process and, in a few cases, on the genitalia ( Azevedo 2000 , 2001 ; Alencar and Azevedo 2006 , 2008 ; Redighieri and Azevedo 2006 ; Colombo and Azevedo 2016 ; Colombo et al 2018 ). Most of the morphological approaches to Dissomphalus species diagnosis use genitalia structure ( Mugrabi and Azevedo 2013 , 2016 ; Brito and Azevedo 2017 ) but a few species are delimited by characters other than genitalia. One of these cases involves two species of the ulceratus species-group, D. concavatus Azevedo, 1999 and D. rectilineus Azevedo, 1999, which are separated by the shape of the hypopygium, but with indistinguishable genitalia ( Azevedo 1999 ; Redighieri and Azevedo 2006 ).…”