Review of different coupling methods with whispering gallery mode resonator cavities for sensing

Zhang, Yaxun; Song, Qinghao; Zhao, Danni; Tang, Xiangming; Liu, Zhihai; Yuan, Libo

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108955

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…In general, the Q -factors of WGM resonators can be reduced by external (coupling mechanisms) and internal losses (scattering, absorption, surface contamination, etc.). Here, we utilized relatively low efficiency free-space coupling, which typically presents a coupling efficiency of approximately 30%, resulting in high external losses . Despite these losses, the CPMs display Q -factors as high as ∼1690 (λ = 608 nm) by 532 nm laser excitation, evidencing a reduced number of internal losses that is attributed to a remarkable smooth surface (Figure S3a,b, also proven by the BET study), sphericity, and low absorbance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bioinspired Carbonized Polymer Microspheres for Full-Color Whispering Gallery Mode Emission for White Light Emission, Unclonable Anticounterfeiting, and Chemical Sensing Applications

Barman,

Hernández-Pinilla,

Dao

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Light-element-based fluorescent materials, colloidal graphene quantum dots, and carbon dots (CDs) have sparked an immense amount of scientific interest in the past decade. However, a significant challenge in practical applications has emerged concerning the development of solid-state fluorescence (SSF) materials. This study addresses this knowledge gap by exploring the unexplored photonic facets of C-based solid-state microphotonic emitters. The proposed synthesis approach focuses on carbonized polymer microspheres (CPMs) instead of conventional nanodots. These microspheres exhibit remarkable SSF spanning the entire visible spectrum from blue to red. The highly spherical shape of CPMs imparts built-in photonic properties in addition to its intrinsic CD-based attributes. Leveraging their excitationdependent photoluminescence property, these microspheres exhibit amplified spontaneous emission, assisted by the whispering gallery mode resonance across the visible spectral region. Remarkably, unlike conventional semiconductor quantum dots or dye-doped microresonators, this single microstructure showcases adaptable resonant emission without structural/chemical modifications. This distinctive attribute enables a plethora of applications, including microcavity-assisted energy transfer for white light emission, highly sensitive chemical sensing, and secure encrypted anticounterfeiting measures. This interdisciplinary approach, integrating photonics and chemistry, provides a robust solution for light-element-based SSF with inherent photonic functionality and wide-ranging applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bioinspired Carbonized Polymer Microspheres for Full-Color Whispering Gallery Mode Emission for White Light Emission, Unclonable Anticounterfeiting, and Chemical Sensing Applications

Barman,

Hernández-Pinilla,

Dao

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The quartz micropillar arrays are composed of 10 μm diameter, 20 μm height cylindrical pillars with a lattice spacing of 20 μm (Figure a). They were fabricated by SU8 photolithography and a plasma etching process from a fused silica substrate as previously described …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were fabricated by SU8 photolithography and a plasma etching process from a fused silica substrate as previously described. 7 The micropillar arrays were cleaned with piranha solution (a mixture of 98% (v/v) sulfuric acid and 30% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide in a volumetric ratio of 3 to 1) for at least an hour to create hydroxide groups on the surfaces before use. To create a chemical pattern, the clean array samples were first placed in a desiccator together with 1 mL of trichloromethylsilane (TCMS, Sigma-Aldrich) for an hour.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vollmer et al have reported that WGMs can detect a single influenza virion by using similar-size polystyrene particles to mimic virus detection . However, the reported WGM sensor suffers the drawback of the requirement for impractical light coupling techniques, e.g., using a tapered optical fiber to couple the light to the resonator, which is not convenient for POC testing. In contrast, the introduction of active resonance through a gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes) in the resonator has advanced the application of WGM sensors, as it enables the indirect and remote excitation and signal collection without a phase-matched light coupler .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microsphere-Enabled Micropillar Array for Whispering Gallery Mode Virus Detection

Guan,

Kok,

Riesen

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Rapid detection of pathogens and analytes at the point of care offers an opportunity for prompt patient management and public health control. This paper reports an open microfluidic platform coupled with active whispering gallery mode (WGM) microsphere resonators for the rapid detection of influenza viruses. The WGM microsphere resonators, precoated with influenza A polyclonal antibodies, are mechanically trapped in the open micropillar array, where the evaporation-driven flow continuously transports a small volume (∼μL) of sample to the resonators without auxiliaries. Selective chemical modification of the pillar array changes surface wettability and flow pattern, which enhances the detection sensitivity of the WGM resonatorbased virus sensor. The optofluidic sensing platform is able to specifically detect influenza A viruses within 15 min using a few microliters of sample and displays a linear response to different virus concentrations.

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“…PCs technology are used in order to reduce the size of the sensor without decreasing the quality of the sensor, and the application of PCs in design of bio-sensors are very interested [30][31]. Due to optical filter that is basic structure for design of de-multiplexers, de-multiplexers are one of the main components of optical telecommunication systems that increase the capacity of data transmission, and there are different ways to design optical filters as point and line defects, couplers, cavities and ring resonators [32]. The two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D-PCs) demultiplexer is a practical device for the recent developments in all-optical communication system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Selective and Q Factor 4-Channel All Optical Demultiplexer: Numerical and Analytical Evaluation

Vali‑Nasab,

Hasanvand,

Mir

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Photonic crystals (PCs) are a field that is very important and interested in the design of a wide range of devices to control electromagnetic waves in different frequency regimes. Here, We try to introduce an all-optical device with practical applications such as fast response and high accuracy that have very critical and benchmark development in optical devices for photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, a novel modified shape 4-channel demultiplexer based on 2D-PCs by using suitable ring resonators is proposed to control light. The presented configuration includes three parts such as a direct input waveguide, a ring resonator, and four indirect waveguides for outputs of optical waves. Numerical analysis is investigated based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to achieve a four-band demultiplexer that has the capability to control the electromagnetic waves. Numerical results show that not only average quality factor (Q) of the 2D-PCs demultiplexer is 3969.25, but also average cross-talking value is -30.38 dB, the average transmission coefficient (T) is 0.998 and the lowest and highest channel bandwidths are 0.3 and 0.6 nm, respectively. Also, the minimum and maximum distance between any two adjacent channels is 0.6 and 1.1 nm. The all optical photonic demultiplexer has a compact footprint and occupies an area of 302 µm² and its operation is in long wavelength region. Based on the abovementioned practical performance and results, the presented optical demultiplexer is highly accurate by using a robust and low power-area that can be nominated to use photonic integrated circuits (PIC).

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Review of different coupling methods with whispering gallery mode resonator cavities for sensing

Cited by 14 publications

References 141 publications

Bioinspired Carbonized Polymer Microspheres for Full-Color Whispering Gallery Mode Emission for White Light Emission, Unclonable Anticounterfeiting, and Chemical Sensing Applications

Bioinspired Carbonized Polymer Microspheres for Full-Color Whispering Gallery Mode Emission for White Light Emission, Unclonable Anticounterfeiting, and Chemical Sensing Applications

Microsphere-Enabled Micropillar Array for Whispering Gallery Mode Virus Detection

A High Selective and Q Factor 4-Channel All Optical Demultiplexer: Numerical and Analytical Evaluation

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