Review of design considerations and technological challenges for successful development and deployment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Demand profile study of battery electric vehicle under different charging options

“…According to a market report by Frost & Sullivan [10], more than 70% of EV in 2015 will be powered by Li-ion batteries. Compared to other battery technologies, Li-ion batteries offer a series of advantages: greater energy-to-weight ratio, no memory effect and low-self discharge when not in use [11]. The model of Li-ion battery used in this study is depicted in the scheme of Fig.…”

Low pressure carbon dioxide solubility in pure electrolyte solvents for lithium-ion batteries as a function of temperature. Measurement and prediction

“…During this work, the same methodology as already presented by Ab Manan et al [39] was used to optimise each structure and to calculate the CO 2 solubility in selected solvents, as well as in solvents containing additive salts like LiPF 6 or [C 2 mim][NTf 2 ] ionic liquid where each reported binary composition describes the liquid phase used in the COSMOthermX software. As the calculation of the gas solubility by using COSMOThermX software (version 2.1, release 01.06) requires the prior knowledge of pure compound vapour pressures of pure components, these data were taken from the literature for the CO 2 [40] and also for each studied solvent [41][42][43][44][45][46]. Vapour pressures were also estimated by generating 'energy values' by using Turbomole program [47], as already described into the literature [39,48].…”

“…Additionally, in the light of the relationship between climate change and the increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, environmental problems such as global warming caused by the human activity have come to the fore [1]. One way to limit the formation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and to reduce emissions from vehicles has been the development of electric vehicles (EVs), which are mainly based on the lithium-ion battery technology [2]. In fact, the lithium ion battery is the most competitive power source for electric vehicles needed in the future, thus attracting extensive interest [3][4][5][6].…”

Wireless Sensor Network Based Smart Grid Communications: Cyber Attacks, Intrusion Detection System and Topology Control

“…WSN can be used to communicate PHEV statistics to upstream network layers for operation and control of Smart Grid components. This information will be online available to various stakeholders through a web of sensor nodes [44][45][46][47][48]. An effective remote monitoring, diagnosis and control can prevent cascaded disastrous events and breakdowns [49][50][51].…”