Review of DC System Technologies for Large Scale Integration of Wind Energy Systems with Electricity Grids

Shao, Sheng Jie; Agelidis, Vassilios G.

doi:10.3390/en3061303

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…More and more, voltage source converters (VSC) tend to be preferred over LCC owing to their ability to independently control the reactive power flow, the faster dynamic response and the possibility to connect to weak AC networks [44,45]. These are typical situations in networks with substantial introduction of renewable energy [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Model Cable under Polarity Inversion and Thermal Gradient: Build-Up of Design-Related Space Charge

Adi¹,

Teyssèdre

et al. 2017

Technologies

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Abstract:In the field of energy transport, High-Voltage DC (HVDC) technologies are booming at present due to the more flexible power converter solutions along with needs to bring electrical energy from distributed production areas to consumption sites and to strengthen large-scale energy networks. These developments go with challenges in qualifying insulating materials embedded in those systems and in the design of insulations relying on stress distribution. Our purpose in this communication is to illustrate how far the field distribution in DC insulation systems can be anticipated based on conductivity data gathered as a function of temperature and electric field. Transient currents and conductivity estimates as a function of temperature and field were recorded on miniaturized HVDC power cables with construction of 1.5 mm thick crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation. Outputs of the conductivity model are compared to measured field distributions using space charge measurements techniques. It is shown that some features of the field distribution on model cables put under thermal gradient can be anticipated based on conductivity data. However, space charge build-up can induce substantial electric field strengthening when materials are not well controlled.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Model Cable under Polarity Inversion and Thermal Gradient: Build-Up of Design-Related Space Charge

Adi¹,

Teyssèdre

et al. 2017

Technologies

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“…AC systems connected to different DC buses are separate from each other. (2). HVDC grids are bipolar and operate symmetrically.…”

Section: Converter Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Remove converter (i,j) ∈ C and AC bus i ∈ N AC from HVDC grid G; (2) Determine the status of AC bus i, i.e., load would be shed with Equation (16) (17):…”

Section: Preliminary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the development of large-scale renewable energy is hindered to a certain extent by the shortage of transmission capacity. Thanks to the latest power electronics technology, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids show great potential for wide-scale application in the future high-voltage transmission systems [1][2][3]. Apart from economic considerations, plentiful technical benefits promise the competitiveness of HVDC grids to transmit large-scale renewable generation to load centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hybrid Reliability Evaluation Method for Meshed VSC-HVDC Grids

et al. 2017

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Abstract:High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids are emerging, and their reliability has been an increasing concern for the utilities. HVDC grids are different from typical two-terminal HVDC transmission systems due to the loops in their topology, which makes it difficult to evaluate the reliability by conventional analytical methods. This paper proposes an innovative hybrid method to evaluate the reliability of meshed HVDC grids. First, steady-state models and reliability models are established for the components in HVDC grids, especially for converters and power flow controllers. In the models, virtual buses are introduced to represent the external AC connections to the HVDC grid. Then a hybrid reliability evaluation method is proposed based on an analytical approach and Monte Carlo simulation. One innovation of the paper is the application of an analytical analysis method to accelerate state evaluation in Monte Carlo simulation by skipping unnecessary optimization. The proposed models and methods are verified on two HVDC grids. Test results show that HVDC grids under most failure states (approximately 70%) tend to shed no load except on buses connected to faulted converters, and the application of the analytical method could promote evaluation efficiency significantly.

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“…The most important technical aspects are the choice of HVDC converter topology [11][12][13][14], the necessity of dc/dc converters [15,16], the need for protection schemes [17][18][19], dynamic stability issues [20][21][22], and power-flow control strategies [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms

et al. 2012

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For achieving the European renewable electricity targets, a significant contribution is foreseen to come from offshore wind energy. Considering the large scale of the future planned offshore wind farms and the increasing distances to shore, grid integration through a transnational DC network is desirable for several reasons. This article investigates a nine-node DC grid connecting three northern European countries-namely UK, The Netherlands and Germany. The power-flow control inside the multi-terminal DC grid based on voltage-source converters is achieved through a novel method, called distributed voltage control (DVC). In this method, an optimal power flow (OPF) is solved in order to minimize the transmission losses in the network. The main contribution of the paper is the utilization of a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the OPF problem while maintaining an N-1 security constraint. After describing main DC network component models, several case studies illustrate the dynamic behavior of the proposed control method.

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Review of DC System Technologies for Large Scale Integration of Wind Energy Systems with Electricity Grids

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

DC Model Cable under Polarity Inversion and Thermal Gradient: Build-Up of Design-Related Space Charge

DC Model Cable under Polarity Inversion and Thermal Gradient: Build-Up of Design-Related Space Charge

A Hybrid Reliability Evaluation Method for Meshed VSC-HVDC Grids

Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms

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