Review of current progress in non-aqueous aluminium batteries

Craig, Ben; Schoetz, Theresa; Cruden, Andrew; León, Carlos Ponce de

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110100

Cited by 67 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…These design factors cause the fully installed energy density of lithium NMC battery packs to be around half of that for automotive battery packs -86 W h kg À1 for the Ellen Eferry vs. 160 W h kg À1 for a Tesla Model 3. 31,32 Because lithium NMC marine battery installations require so much compromise to be made safe, there is significant scope for using lower performance but safer chemistry to achieve similar or better overall performance. A good example is lithium iron phosphate (LFP), which has around 65% of the specific energy of NMC but is far safer and replaces expensive and problematic nickel and cobalt with highly abundant iron and phosphorous.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in energy storage systems for marine environment

Verma

Kumar

2021

Mater. Adv.

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Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in energy storage systems for marine environment

Verma

Kumar

2021

Mater. Adv.

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confidence: 99%

Stable High‐Capacity Organic Aluminum–Porphyrin Batteries

Han

Song

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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electric vehicles, and more. [4,5] Among these rechargeable battery technologies, sodium, [6][7][8] magnesium, [9,10] zinc, [11,12] calcium, [13] and aluminum [14][15][16] ion batteries have drawn unique attention as the candidates of next-generation batteries. In particular, rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) hold impressive advantages, such as wide temperature range, high safety, and low cost. [17][18][19] However, there is still plenty of room for improving the energy density and long-term life cycle of the positive electrode materials in AIBs. Hence, it is significant to design appropriate positive electrode materials to promote the performance of current AIBs. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of organic materials owing to their unique structural features, such as chemical diversity and structure designability, which allows for achieving suitable active molecules for targeted electrodes. [20][21][22] In addition, weak intermolecular forces between active ions in the electrolyte and host materials are beneficial to the reversibility and kinetics of electrochemical reactions. [23,24] Moreover, molecular engineering could be employed to manipulate the voltage plateaus, electrical conductivity, and structural stability of organic materials, which enables the organic molecules to serve as a promising candidate material for next-generation electrode materials.At present, organic electrode materials reported in the AIBs mainly refer to the oxygen or nitrogen active sites in the compounds with carbonyl (CO) or in the nitrogen-containing compounds (CN), due to their structural diversity and chemical stability. In addition, this type of organic material is mainly based on coordination chemical reactions. [21,22,[25][26][27][28] Specifically, many studies on the compounds with carbonyl functional group have been reported. For example, Stoddart [25] and his colleagues synthesized a redox-active phenanthraquinone (PQ) macrocyclic compound, and the corresponding insertion mechanism between aluminum complex ions and conjugated carbonyl materials has been studied. Subsequently, they have improved specific capacity, electrical conductivity, and areal loading via blending PQ with graphite flakes. In the study from Lu and coworkers, [26] a polyimide (PI)/metal-organic framework (MOFs) hybrid material was reported. Also, Wang and coworkers [22] employed PI/CNT as the positive material in Al-organic battery. In the Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) attract interest for their promising features of superior safety and long-life energy storage. Organic materials with engineered active groups are considered promising for promoting energy storage capabilities. However, the corresponding energy density (both voltage plateau and sufficient active sites required) and stability are still unexpectedly poor. To address these challenges, here π-conjugated organic porphyrin molecules, that is, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (H 2 TPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H 2 TCPP), are selec...

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“…5 Al is inexpensive, highly abundant, and possesses an energy density close to Li. 6 Like Li, however, Al systems require non-aqueous chemistries, as the reduction potential of Al is more negative than that for hydrogen evolution in aqueous-based electrolytes. The development of non-aqueous electrolytes for Al battery systems has subsequently received significant attention, although much of this has only occurred relatively recently.…”

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confidence: 99%