Review of Cross-border Movements of Transnational Media Conglomerates

Abstract

This review article tries to form a deep understanding of the effects of Transnational Media Conglomerates' (TNMCs') cross-border movements on cultural integration, exchange, or even some resistant practices in other foreign nations. Published books, journal papers, global business reviews, research articles, and other resources in relation to the crossborder movements of TNMCs will be used to support the analysis of this review article. Through reviewing those previous theoretical studies and particularly cross-cultural reception and effects of Hollywood film industry cases from cultural imperialism, cultural homogenization, and cultural globalization, we have found that the cross-border movements of TNMCs are complex and related to multiple factors included within the two most debated paradigms of global entertainment media -CI (cultural imperialism) and CG (cultural globalization). The combination of the above three cultural dimensions within the two paradigms found that the intensifying trends of globalization have promoted the integration of various cultures, leading to TNMCs better participation in the cross-border movements in the global entertainment market. Although there are many nations in the world system, global entertainment media industries, and culturally proximate markets, the US and US-based TNMCs still occupied the world's most dominant cultural primacy of TNMC production, distribution, exhibiting, marketing and consumption. However, the US Empire and its cultural imperialism are no longer necessarily adequate and effective enough to describe the global cultural condition through influencing other nations due to the transnational corporate culture developed from other nations' media organizations. Therefore, the cross-border movement of TNMCs would indeed cause the tension of local traditional culture and the trend of cultural homogenization to a certain extent. Still, different regions have different attitudes and adjustment measures towards this crisis, and they are also trying to export their values and profit from it at the same time. This article can provide a clear framework for future researchers to understand the balance of local and invading cultures and the future development of TNMCs. However, there are limited sources about other non-US TNMCs, so this review article may not provide a complete analysis of the overall TNMCs.