Review of Community Intervention Studies on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Gyárfás, I.

doi:10.3109/10641969209036184

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Few studies focusing on the prevalence of NCD risk factors in children adolescent, adults, and elderly have been conducted in Iran [ 5 , 9 - 11 , 58 , 59 ]. Recognizing the need to obtain relevant data on prevalence and distribution of the factors responsible for excess NCDs in Iranian population, the Endocrine Research Center of Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences initiated the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study in 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to have sufficient duration to test intervention effects on risk factors and late outcomes and mortality, the study will be continued for at least 20 years. Sample size used in this study is more than many studies concerned with changes of NCD risk factors and outcomes [ 54 , 58 ]. In addition children and adolescents comprise more than 30% of study population and their follow up of interest in a preventive interventional study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevention of non-communicable disease in a population in nutrition transition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study phase II

Azizi

Ghanbarian

Momenan

et al. 2009

Trials

728

913

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) is a long term integrated community-based program for prevention of non-communicable disorders (NCD) by development of a healthy lifestyle and reduction of NCD risk factors. The study begun in 1999, is ongoing, to be continued for at least 20 years. A primary survey was done to collect baseline data in 15005 individuals, over 3 years of age, selected from cohorts of three medical heath centers. A questionnaire for past medical history and data was completed during interviews; blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometrical measurements and a limited physical examination were performed and lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar and 2-hours-postload-glucose challenge were measured. A DNA bank was also collected. For those subjects aged over 30 years, Rose questionnaire was completed and an electrocardiogram was taken. Data collected were directly stored in computers as database software- computer assisted system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing or postponing the development of NCD risk factors and outcomes in the TLGS population. Design and methods In phase II of the TLGS, lifestyle interventions were implemented in 5630 people and 9375 individuals served as controls. Primary, secondary and tertiary interventions were designed based on specific target groups including schoolchildren, housewives, and high-risk persons. Officials of various sectors such as health, education, municipality, police, media, traders and community leaders were actively engaged as decision makers and collaborators. Interventional strategies were based on lifestyle modifications in diet, smoking and physical activity through face-to-face education, leaflets & brochures, school program alterations, training volunteers as health team and treating patients with NCD risk factors. Collection of demographic, clinical and laboratory data will be repeated every 3 years to assess the effects of different interventions in the intervention group as compared to control group. Conclusion This controlled community intervention will test the possibility of preventing or delaying the onset of non-communicable risk factors and disorders in a population in nutrition transition. Trial registration ISRCTN52588395

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of non-communicable disease in a population in nutrition transition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study phase II

Azizi

Ghanbarian

Momenan

et al. 2009

Trials

728

913

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, education on prevention and intervention needs to be the core of all public health and medical work in native communities. This helps to ensure that its members will report problems as soon as they arise, and that they will invest in health at the community and individual levels (Gyarfas, 1992; Weinehall et al, 2001). Given how quickly infectious pathogens can spread, there needs to be ongoing epidemiological surveillance at the local and community levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal study of tuberculosis outcomes among immunologically naive Aché natives of Paraguay

Hurtado

Hill

Rosenblatt

et al. 2003

American J Phys Anthropol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study documents the course of a tuberculosis epidemic in an immunologically naive group of South American Indians within fewer than 20 years after first sustained contact with outsiders. Groups of Northern Aché (ah-CHAY) of eastern Paraguay were contacted and settled on reservations between 1971-1979. Not surprisingly, the Aché are very susceptible to tuberculosis, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease are quite different from those of populations that have had tuberculosis for centuries. Within 6 years of the first detected case of tuberculosis among the Aché, the prevalence rate of active tuberculosis cases reached 18.2%, and of infected cases among adults, 64.6%, some of the highest rates ever reported for any human group. Remarkably, males and females are equally likely to have been diagnosed with active tuberculosis, Aché children between birth and 5 years of age are least vulnerable to tuberculosis, high nutritional and socioeconomic status do not decrease the risk of disease or infection, and children immunized with BCG are less responsive to tuberculin challenge than are other children. Moreover, similar to the Yanomamö, but unlike populations of European or African descent, a high percentage of Aché with active disease test negative on tuberculin challenge tests (purified protein derivative; PPD). These differences may be due to a high prevalence of diminished cell-mediated immunity, and T-helper 2 dominance. We also hypothesize that these immunological characteristics, low genetic diversity, hostile intergroup interactions, and behavioral noncompliance to treatment protocols together contribute to the high rates of active disease observed. Existing tuberculosis control programs are poorly equipped to handle the impact of these causal complexities on the course of recent tuberculosis epidemics that have quickly spread throughout native communities of Latin America during the last decade.

show abstract

“…Several studies [12][13][14][15][16][17] have emphasised the importance of changes in lifestyle-such as diet, exercise, and antismoking programmesrather than pharmacological intervention to reduce risk indicators of cardiovascular diseases, and encouraging people with professional support to take responsibility for health habits has been found to be important in intervention programmes. A selective preventive strategy might influence health habits in groups with marked educational inequalities 15 and shift work, as for professional drivers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between two programmes for reducing the levels of risk indicators of heart diseases among male professional drivers.

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives-To compare two programmes for reducing the levels of risk indicators of heart diseases among professional drivers. The programmes were focused on changes of lifestyle. The aim of the programmes was to initiate and motivate a process of change within the driver, which in the long term should lead to permanent and sound health habits. One programme was based on health profile assessment and the other was a health examination. Methods-Altogether, 102 subjects were investigated (51 allocated to an intervention group and 51 to a reference group). The programme in the intervention group (health profile assessment) was based on revelatory communication, adjusted to the driver and contained individual and group activities. The reference group went through a health examination. In both groups blood pressure, serum lipid concentrations, body mass index, and estimated maximal oxygen uptake were measured and the lifestyle habits were surveyed by questionnaires at the start and at follow ups of 6 and 18 months. Results-The results showed that in the intervention group the maximal oxygen uptake increased, as did exercise habits and the intention to practice good dietary habits. Variable working hours was the most common obstacle to change a health habit. In the reference group the maximal oxygen uptake increased and the concentration of serum total cholesterol and the number of people who perceived stress and loneliness decreased. Conclusions-Both the health profile assessment and the health examination had an eVect on the levels of some risk indicators of heart diseases. Both programmes turned out to be useful because of high participation during the entire period and a generally positive attitude among the subjects. (Occup Environ Med 1998;55:554-561) Keywords: intervention study; lifestyle; occupation health service Several investigations have indicated that cardiovascular diseases aVect professional drivers more often than many other occupational groups. This has been independent of research methods, techniques of measurements, and material for comparison. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Studies have also shown that drivers are exposed to several possible risk indicators of cardiovascular diseases such as physiological risk indicators (increased blood pressure and total cholesterol concentration) and indicators related to work environment and the lifestyle.Risk indicators related to the work environment were evaluated among 440 male professional drivers in Sweden, 8 and showed that significantly more drivers than referents had a work situation characterised by high demands, low decision latitude, low social support at work, and shift work. It also showed that significantly more drivers than referents were sedentary in their leisure time, smokers, overweight, and consumed a significantly higher proportion of milk fat per day. Low physical activity in leisure time, 2 9 10 high incidence of smokers, [8][9][10] and overweight [8][9][10][11] were also found among professional drivers in other studies. The excess pr...

show abstract

Review of Community Intervention Studies on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Prevention of non-communicable disease in a population in nutrition transition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study phase II

Prevention of non-communicable disease in a population in nutrition transition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study phase II

Longitudinal study of tuberculosis outcomes among immunologically naive Aché natives of Paraguay

Comparison between two programmes for reducing the levels of risk indicators of heart diseases among male professional drivers.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About